Mexico's 1997 apportionment defies its electoral law

Balinski, Michel; González, Victoriano Ramírez

doi:10.1016/s0261-3794(98)00002-x

Cited by 40 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The Swiss Cantons of Aargau and Schaffhausen have adopted initiatives to also incorporate the method into their electoral laws. An application of the bi-proportional method to Mexican elections is discussed in [4,5,6], to Italien elections in [11], to elections in the Färöer Islands in [12].…”

Section: Multipliersmentioning

confidence: 99%

A bi-proportional method applied to the Spanish Congress

Ramírez

Pukelsheim

Palomares

et al. 2008

Mathematical and Computer Modelling

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Section: Multipliersmentioning

confidence: 99%

A bi-proportional method applied to the Spanish Congress

Ramírez

Pukelsheim

Palomares

et al. 2008

Mathematical and Computer Modelling

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“…In Table 1 the vote numbers and resulting seat numbers for the Zürich City Council election on February 12, 2006 are shown: This election was the first time ever that a divisor-based biproportional apportionment method was used for distributing parliament seats. Applications to other parliaments, including comparisons to alternative apportionment methods, are studied in [3,4,8,11,28,42]. A software package named BAZI is available for computing vector and matrix apportionments using divisor-based methods [29,34].The purpose of our paper is to evaluate the applicability of divisor-based biproportional apportionment in electoral systems.…”

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confidence: 99%

Divisor-Based Biproportional Apportionment in Electoral Systems: A Real-Life Benchmark Study

2010

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Biproportional apportionment methods provide two-way proportionality in electoral systems where the electoral region is subdivided into electoral districts. The problem is to assign integral values to the elements of a matrix that are proportional to a given input matrix, and such that a set of row- and column-sum requirements are fulfilled. In a divisor-based method for biproportional apportionment, the problem is solved by computing appropriate row and column divisors, and by rounding the quotients. We present a comprehensive experimental evaluation of divisor-based biproportional apportionment in an electoral system context. By performing experiments on real-life benchmark instances (election data with multimember districts), we evaluate the general quality of divisor-based apportionments with respect to, e.g., deviation from quota, reversal orderings, and occurrences of ties. For example, we studied the frequency in which a party with a higher vote count in a district ended up with fewer seats in that district.electoral systems, divisor-based biproportional apportionment, computer simulation

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“…The first seat distribution is intentionally arbitrary (in fact, it cannot be obtained by any divisor or quotient method). However, the second distribution is obtained by any divisor method in the parametric family (Balinski and Ramírez 1999) between Webster (Sainte-Laguë) and Jefferson (D'Hondt).…”

Section: Examplementioning

confidence: 99%

Sistemas electorales: implicaciones democráticas y económicas

Luna¹

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Dr. MiguelMartínez Panero, por todo su trabajo, esfuerzo, experiencia, y disposición para la realización de este trabajo, por su respaldo y compromiso siempre incondicional.También agradezco infinitamente a la Dra. Federica Ricca, por su gran disposición, ayuda y compromiso, al Dr. Victoriano Ramírez y al Dr. Antonio Palomares por su apoyo, trabajo, y aportaciones siempre valiosas. Al Dr. José Luis García Lapresta y a la Dra. Julia Martínez Rodríguez, por su inestimable ayuda.Agradezco a mi padre Manuel Arredondo por tanto, gracias papá por siempre ser mi empuje, por ser en todo momento mi fuerza, mi refugio, mi ejemplo, por ser un maravilloso ser en mi vida, por ser mi orgullo. A mi madre, Consuelo Luna, por su dulzura permanente, por su grandeza, no solo como madre, sino como mujer, por su ejemplo de entereza, de grandeza moral y espiritual. Gracias mamá por ser también mi orgullo. A mis hermanos Carlos, mi ángel, Manuel y Luis, a mi hermana Toña. A ustedes Silvia, Lupita y Luis. A mis amorosos sobrinas y sobrino, Vanessa, Alexa y Carlitos. A toda mi familia.Un agradecimiento especial a mi querida Dra. Gema A. Mercado, de quien he recibido cariño, siempre su respaldo y su fuerza, su ejemplo. Gracias al Dr. Agustín Enciso y a la Dra. Alicia Villaneda por su apoyo en distintos momentos.A mis amigas y amigos, gracias por su amistad, por estar en las buenas y malas, gracias por convertirse en una extensión elegida de mi familia, gracias infinitas Lore,

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Mexico's 1997 apportionment defies its electoral law

Cited by 40 publications

References 2 publications

A bi-proportional method applied to the Spanish Congress

A bi-proportional method applied to the Spanish Congress

Divisor-Based Biproportional Apportionment in Electoral Systems: A Real-Life Benchmark Study

Sistemas electorales: implicaciones democráticas y económicas

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