México en El Análisis De La Ética Empresarial Norteamericana

Abstract

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Species Delimitation of Argonauta Paralarvae Reveals an Extensive Morphological Variability in the Northern Humboldt Current System

“…There are many studies that report and analyze the abundance, frequency, and spatial distribution associated with different oceanographic conditions of A. nouryi [40,41]. However, there is no morphological description of its paralarvae, only references to the fact that it was previously named Argonauta boettgeri [24] in the Mexican Pacific Ocean [42], with an arrangement of 1 + 2 in the funnel, 2 + 2 in the VHCP, and 2 + 4 in the DHCP. Our results for A. nouryi show a wide variability in the number and arrangement of chromatophores in the funnel: 2 + 4 in the DHCP, 2 + 2 in the VHCP, 02 chromatophores in each eye (dorsal side), and between 8 and 11 in the digestive gland (Table 2).…”

“…This complexity increases when we consider that some ancient descriptions did not mention the chromatophore arrangement [43]. However, over the years, some authors have incorporated this information into descriptions, such as that of A. argo (~1 mm) with a 2 + 2 arrangement in the funnel, with 2 chromatophores on the dorsal side of the head [11,25], and 2 + 4 DHCP [24]. In the present work, A. argo is reported with a chromatophore arrangement of 2 + 1 + 2 in the funnel, 2 + 4 in the DHCP, 2 + 2 in the VHCP, 1 chromatophore in each eye (dorsal side), and 9 in the digestive gland, also showing morphological variability.…”

“…In the present work, A. argo is reported with a chromatophore arrangement of 2 + 1 + 2 in the funnel, 2 + 4 in the DHCP, 2 + 2 in the VHCP, 1 chromatophore in each eye (dorsal side), and 9 in the digestive gland, also showing morphological variability. Descriptions of the paralarvae of A. hians (1.0 mm) are scarcer [11,43,44], where some authors describe2 + 2 in the funnel and in the VHCP [24], an arrangement of 4 chromatophores (rectangle shape) on the dorsal side of the head [26], and 4 + 4 in the DHCP [24,[40][41][42]. Although the paralarvae of Argonauta nodosus were reported by [45,46], there is no morphological description of them.…”

“…The morphological descriptions of the paralarvae were performed in specimens between 0.8 and 2.5 mm in dorsal mantle length (ML). The morphological determination was performed after consulting a specialized bibliography of cephalopod paralarvae [11,[24][25][26]. The shells of females were identified according to Finn [6].…”

“…Males have a hectocotylized third arm that is wrapped in a bag called a "pouch". Chromatophore pattern (number, position, and formula) of the DHCP (dorsal head chromatophore pattern), VHCP (ventral head chromatophore pattern), dorsal mantle (DM), ventral mantle (VM), dorsal eye (DE), ventral eye (VE), digestive gland (DG), funnel, arms, and hectocotylus (for males) on each morphotype were described according to De Silva-Dávila [24] (Figure 2). Likewise, diagrams (drawings) were made using a camera lucida suitable for the stereomicroscope.…”