Mexican/Mexican American Adolescents and keepin' it REAL: An Evidence-Based Substance Use Prevention Program

Kulis, Stephen; Marsiglia, Flavio F.; Elek, Elvira; Dustman, Patricia; Wagstaff, David A.; Hecht, Michael L.

doi:10.1093/cs/27.3.133

Cited by 158 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(29 reference statements)

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Section: Drug Resistance Strategies Substance Offers and Substance mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, one model prevention program for youth, keepin' it REAL (Marsiglia and Hecht 2005), is based on the four successful drug resistance strategies used commonly by multi-ethnic samples of adolescents: refuse, explain, avoid, and leave (Alberts et al 1991;Alberts et al 1992;Hecht et al 1992). The success and importance of drug resistance skills-based training is well documented in the prevention literature, both in influencing substance use behaviors and key norms and attitudes toward substance use that are important mediators in substance use etiology (Botvin et al 1994;Griffin et al 2004a, b).…”

Section: Drug Resistance Strategies In Prevention Programmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most successful divergent thinkers will continue to use different strategies until an effective strategy or response is found (Wright et al 2004). There is considerable evidence that culture plays a role in the development of specific sets or repertoires of drug resistance strategies Marsiglia and Hecht 2005).Research on drug resistance strategies and responses to substance offers has emerged over the past two decades, largely through studies of the etiology of youth substance use and through the development and testing of substance abuse prevention programs for youth in the United States. Because much less is known about these issues for Mexican youth, this review focuses first on U.S. evidence.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The success and importance of drug resistance skills-based training is well documented in the prevention literature, both in influencing substance use behaviors and key norms and attitudes toward substance use that are important mediators in substance use etiology (Botvin et al 1994; Griffin et al 2004a, b). Programs that teach a repertoire of specific, culturally appropriate, drug refusal strategies have been found to be effective among samples of U.S. samples, including Mexican American and other Latino youth (Botvin et al 1994;Kulis et al 2005;Hecht et al 2003). …”

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confidence: 99%

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Drug Resistance Strategies and Substance Use among Adolescents in Monterrey, Mexico

et al. 2008

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This study examined drug resistance strategies and substance use among adolescents from Monterrey, Mexico. The focus was strategies that U.S. adolescents use most often to resist using substances, including refuse (saying no), explain (declining with an explanation), avoid (staying away from situations where drugs are offered), and leave (exiting situations where drugs are offered). Using self-administered questionnaire data from a convenience sample of 327 Mexican students enrolled at two secondary schools (preparatorias), we tested whether frequent use of particular drug resistance strategies predicted actual substance use. Multiple regression results showed that different strategies were effective for different substances, that some effects were mediated by number of offers received, and that certain effects were stronger for females than for males. Students using the refuse strategy reported less cigarette use and less binge drinking; those using the avoid strategy reported less alcohol and cigarette use; and those using the leave strategy reported less binge drinking and, for females only, less marijuana use. Use of the explain strategy was not significantly related to substance use after controlling for use of other strategies. Findings are discussed in terms of Mexican cultural values and their implications for the design of prevention programs for Mexican youth. KeywordsAdolescents; Substance use; Substance use offers; Mexican youth; Drug resistance Research on substance use among Mexican youth provides growing evidence that prevalence rates, the types of substances used, social risk factors for use, and the health and social problems associated with use are assuming patterns similar to those reported by youth Correspondence to: Stephen Kulis, Kulis@asu.edu. (Medina-Mora Cravioto 2003;Villatoro et al. 2004). Of growing concern are increases in illicit drug use among Mexican youth, who until recently have consistently reported lower rates of consumption of illicit drugs than U.S. youth, and a decrease in the typical age of initiation of substance use from 15 to 8 years of age (FelixOrtiz et al. 2001; Tapia-Conyer et al. 2001;Villareal et al. 2004;Villatoro et al. 1998). NIH Public AccessDespite the upward trend in drug use among Mexican youth and expanding research on its etiology, there are large gaps in the knowledge needed to inform the design of effective prevention efforts in Mexico. One relatively neglected research area is the strategies that Mexican adolescents actually use when confronted with substance use opportunities and the relative effectiveness of these strategies for resisting use of different substances. This study investigated whether the strategies used most commonly by U.S. adolescents to resist offers of alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana are used with apparent success by Mexican youth, and whether use of particular strategies depends on the gender of the youth and the frequency with which the youth encounters offers of substances. We used data from a sample of Mexican secondar...

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Section: Drug Resistance Strategies Substance Offers and Substance mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Drug Resistance Strategies In Prevention Programmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drug Resistance Strategies and Substance Use among Adolescents in Monterrey, Mexico

et al. 2008

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“…strategies taught in Keepin' it R.E.A.L. have been shown to effectively reduce substance use in Mexican American youth (Kulis et al, 2005). There is also consistent evidence that these four drug-resistance strategies are also used by large majorities of youth in different regions of Mexico (Kulis et al, 2008a;Marsiglia et al, 2009).…”

Section: Prevention and The Use Of Drug-resistance Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 89%

Drug Resistance and Substance Use Among Male and Female Adolescents in Alternative Secondary Schools in Guanajuato, Mexico

Kulis

Marsiglia

Ayers

et al. 2012

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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ABSTRACT. Objective:Research is limited on the strategies that Mexican adolescents use to resist use of alcohol, cigarettes, and other drugs. Cultural norms and gender socialization patterns concerning the acceptability of use of various substances by women and men infl uence Mexican youths in their responses to offers of substances. This study explored the drug-resistance strategies used by youth in the central Mexican state of Guanajuato, how their use predicted patterns of substance use, and how these associations differed by gender. Method: The analysis used cross-sectional survey data from 702 (60% male) students enrolled in eight alternative secondary education school sites in 2007. Participants reported the drug-resistance behaviors they used to deal with offers of alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana. Past-12-month use of the four drug-resistance strategies employed most often by U.S. youth-refuse, explain, avoid, and leave (R.E.A.L.)-and any other strategies were measured. Composite measures of lifetime and recent use of alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana were predicted in multivariate ordinary least squares regression analyses. Models were tested with and without controls for the frequency that respondents were offered substances and introduced gender interaction effects. Results: Controlling for substance use offers, more frequent use of a wide repertoire of R.E.A.L. strategies predicted less consumption of alcohol and cigarettes, and using non-R.E.A.L. strategies predicted less marijuana consumption. All of these relationships were either stronger for males than for females or signifi cant for males only. Conclusions: Gender differences exist in the impact of R.E.A.L. strategies on substance use among youth in Mexico. Despite a narrowing gender gap in substance use in Mexico, large exposure to and susceptibility of substance use remains. Developing effective prevention programs in Mexico based on teaching appropriate drug-resistance strategies and enhancing communication skills could aid in reducing substance use among Mexican adolescents. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 73, 111-119, 2012)

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Universal school-based prevention programs for alcohol misuse in young people

Foxcroft

Tsertsvadze

2011

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

250

248

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Mexican/Mexican American Adolescents and keepin' it REAL: An Evidence-Based Substance Use Prevention Program

Cited by 158 publications

References 40 publications

Drug Resistance Strategies and Substance Use among Adolescents in Monterrey, Mexico

Drug Resistance Strategies and Substance Use among Adolescents in Monterrey, Mexico

Drug Resistance and Substance Use Among Male and Female Adolescents in Alternative Secondary Schools in Guanajuato, Mexico

Universal school-based prevention programs for alcohol misuse in young people

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