Metronidazole Treatment of Trichomonal Vaginitis

Aure, J. Chr.; Gjønnaess, H

doi:10.1097/00006254-197006000-00023

Cited by 5 publications

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“…Infection in men has been associated with nonspecific urethritis and other urological conditions, although men harboring the parasite are frequently asymptomatic (7). The recognition of trichomoniasis as a major sexually transmitted disease, numerous reports that document the refractoriness of some T. vaginalis infections to treatment with metronidazole (2,6,24), and a recent report of a metronidazole-resistant strain (19) prompted us to investigate trichomonal antigens and their properties.…”

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confidence: 99%

Specific and common antigens of Trichomonas vaginalis detected by monoclonal antibodies

Torian¹,

Connelly²,

Stephens³

et al. 1984

Infect Immun

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Monoclonal antibodies to Trichomonas vaginalis were prepared by immunizing mice with a cloned isolate of T. vaginalis. Eight antibodies reacted with the same four isolates or strains but did not react with the other T. vaginalis strains or isolates tested. All eight antibodies reacted uniformly with both the body and flagella of T. vaginalis in the immunofluorescence assay but were unreactive by immunoblotting. The antigen(s) recognized by these antibodies was determined to be present on the surface membrane by indirect immunofluorescence assay of live organisms. The antigen(s) was found to be sensitive to periodate oxidation but resistant to pronase digestion. In addition, one monoclonal antibody was derived which reacted with all T. vaginalis isolates or strains tested, as well as with Trichomonas gallinae, Tritrichomonas foetus, and Giardia lamblia. This antibody reacted with the body but not the flagella of Formalin-fixed protozoa in the immunofluorescence assay but failed to react with live organisms. The antigen was found to be periodate resistant but pronase labile. In the immunoblot assay, this antibody detected a single T. vaginalis polypeptide with a molecular weight of 62,000.

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confidence: 99%

Specific and common antigens of Trichomonas vaginalis detected by monoclonal antibodies

Torian¹,

Connelly²,

Stephens³

et al. 1984

Infect Immun

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“…Although there are clinical reports (1,2,4,6,8,9,13,21) that document the refractoriness of infections with Trichomonas vaginalis to treatment with metronidazole, susceptibility tests have failed to demonstrate conclusively that the parasites isolated from such cases after treatment were resistant to this drug (12,15). Thus, resistance of T. vaginalis has not been generally accepted as the factor responsible for failure of metronidazole therapy (22), since reinfection, irregular medication, poor absorption of the drug, and its inactivation by the vaginal flora have not been excluded (11,15,20).…”

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Strain of Trichomonas vaginalis Resistant to Metronidazole and Other 5-Nitroimidazoles

Meingassner

Thurner

1979

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

138

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A strain of Trichomonas vaginalis , recently isolated from a patient afflicted with recurrent symptomatic trichomoniasis, showed resistance to metronidazole, tinidazole, and nimorazole in vitro as well as in vivo. In a serial dilution test using cysteine monohydrochloride-peptone-liver infusion-maltose medium, T. vaginalis IR-78 was only resistant under aerobic conditions. Under anaerobic conditions it was as susceptible as the normal reference strain. The minimal lethal concentrations of metronidazole, tinidazole, and nimorazole for IR-78 were 100, 50, and 50 ,ug/ml aerobically and 0.4,0.4, and 0.2 ,g/ml anaerobically, respectively.The efficacy of metronidazole, tinidazole, and nimorazole was assessed in vivo by oral administration to mice simultaneously infected with IR-78 both subcutaneously and intraperitoneally. The CD5o (dose needed to cure 50% of infections) of each compound was significantly higher for the subcutaneous than for the intraperitoneal infection. In contrast, there was little difference in CD50 for these infections in mice inoculated with a susceptible trichomonas strain. The CD50's for all three compounds against intraperitoneal and subcutaneous infections with IR-78 were 2 to >70 times higher than for susceptible strain E. Both forms of infection with IR-78 could always be cured with therapeutically acceptable doses of tinidazole and nimorazole; subcutaneous infections could not be cured with tolerated doses of metronidazole.

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“…In addition, no contaminating organisms were seen microscopically. Some authors have suggested that resistant clinical strains might have appeared (Aure and Gjonnaess, 1959;Arnold, 1966;Thurner and Meingassner, 1978), but in only the last of these reports were microbiological confirmatory tests performed. Successful in-vitro and in-vivo experiments to induce metronidazole resistance in T. vaginalis strains, however, have been performed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metronidazole-resistant Trichomonas vaginalis.

Forsgren¹,

Forssman²

1979

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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SUMMARY A 36-year-old woman with symptomatic metronidazole-resistant trichomonal vaginitis for 10 years had a total of 22 courses of treatment with either metronidazole or tinidazole according to different schedules. The minimum trichomonicidal concentration of metronidazole for the strain of Trichomonas vaginalis isolated from the patient was 160 ,ug/ml compared with 1 25-10 mg/ml for other freshly isolated strains. The former strain also showed a definitely decreased sensitivity to ornidazole and tinidazole (80 mg/ml). The mechanisms behind the appearance of resistance in this clinical isolate are at present unknown and require further study from the theoretical as well as the therapeutic viewpoint.

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Metronidazole Treatment of Trichomonal Vaginitis

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Specific and common antigens of Trichomonas vaginalis detected by monoclonal antibodies

Specific and common antigens of Trichomonas vaginalis detected by monoclonal antibodies

Strain of Trichomonas vaginalis Resistant to Metronidazole and Other 5-Nitroimidazoles

Metronidazole-resistant Trichomonas vaginalis.

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