Metrology for industrial quantum communications: the MIQC project

Rastello, María Luisa; Degiovanni, I. P.; Sinclair, Alastair G.; Kück, S.; Chunnilall, Christopher J.; Porrovecchio, G.; Šmíd, Marek; Manoocheri, Farshid; Ikonen, Erkki; Kübarsepp, Toomas; Stucki, Damien; Hong, Kootak; Kim, S.K.; Tosi, Alberto; Brida, G.; Meda, A.; Piacentini, Fabrizio; Traina, P.; Natsheh, Anas Al; Cheung, Jessica Y.; Müller, Ingmar; Klein, R.; Vaigu, Aigar

doi:10.1088/0026-1394/51/6/s267

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…NPL coordinated with European NMI's through the 'Metrology for Industrial Quantum Communication Technologies' project (MIQC) [42] to address the metrology challenges in QKD to accelerate the commercialisation of the technology. One of the main outcomes of the MIQC project was the establishment of the first measurement procedures for some specific quantities related to fibre based QKD components such as single-photon sources and single-photon detectors operating in the telecom wavelength around 1550 nm, characterization of quantum random number generator (QRNG) and fibrebased quantum channels.…”

Section: Npl Efforts In Qkd Metrologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Metrology Challenges in Quantum Key Distribution

Gui

Unnikrishnan

Stanley

et al. 2022

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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The metrology of the QKD devices and systems grows increasingly important in recent years not only because of the needs for conformance and performance testing in the standardization, but more importantly, imperfect implementation of the devices and systems or deviations from the theoretical models, which could be exploited by eavesdropper, should be carefully characterised to avoid the so-called side channel attack. In this paper, we review the recent advances in many aspects of the QKD metrology in both fibre based QKD and free space QKD systems, including a cutting edge metrology facility development and application, traceable calibration methods, and practical device characterising technologies, all of which have been contributed by the metrology communities and relative institutions.

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Section: Npl Efforts In Qkd Metrologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Metrology Challenges in Quantum Key Distribution

Gui

Unnikrishnan

Stanley

et al. 2022

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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“…Therefore, in the next future it is expected that national metrology institutes will be asked, by industries, standardisation bodies and governments, to contribute to standardization and certification of quantum photonic technologies [232,233]. The metrological community should be proactive in promoting take-up of metrology in the development of these technologies [234]. Photonics covers transversally a relevant part of the whole field of quantum technologies [235]:…”

Section: Final Remarks and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum imaging with sub-Poissonian light: challenges and perspectives in optical metrology

Berchera

Degiovanni

2019

Metrologia

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Non-classical correlations in optical beams offer the unprecedented opportunity of surpassing conventional limits of sensitivity and resolution in optical measurements and imaging, especially but not only, when a low photon flux down to the single photons are measured. We review the principles of quantum imaging and sensing techniques which exploit sub-Poissonian photon statistics and non-classical photon number correlation, presenting some state-of-the-art achievements in the field. These quantum photonics protocols have the potential to trigger major steps in many applications, such as microscopy and biophotonics and represent an important opportunity for a new deal in radiometry and photometry.Quantum imaging with sub-Poissonian light Limits of Classical (conventional) imagingMeasuring changes in intensity or in phase of an electromagnetic field, after interacting with matter, is the most simple way to extract relevant information on the properties of a system under investigation, whether a biological sample [18] or a digital memory disc [19].The term "imaging" usually (not always) refers to the reconstruction of the whole spatial properties of the sample, namely in 2D or 3D, and it can be achieved in two different modalities, wide field or point-by-point scanning. Wide field imaging is preferable in many cases, since it provides a more compete dynamic pictures but, for static sample, the point by point scanning offers advantages, for example the better z-resolution in confocal microscopy.In any case, the two parameters quantifying the quality (the amount of information) of the image are the resolution, i.e. the minimum distance at which two points can be distinguished, and the sensitivity, i.e. the minimum measurable variation of the physical quantity in a certain point.The quality of an image is always affected by several limitations, some of them avoidable by a careful design of the experiment (aberration, background, artifacts), others imposed by technical limitations of the available actual technology (for instance unavoidable noise or low efficiency of the detector), and others related to more fundamental reasons. In particular diffraction limit and shot-noise limit represent "fundamental" bounds, to resolution and sensitivity, at least when classical states of light are considered. A possibility to overcome these limitations is offered by peculiar properties of quantum light. Diffraction Limit (DL)The diffraction limit, R 0.61λ/N A (with λ being the wavelength of the light and N A the numerical aperture of the imaging system), represents the maximum obtainable imaging resolution in classical far-field imaging/microscopy. Depending on the kind of light radiation involved, namely incoherent or coherent, it takes the name of Abbe or Rayliegh diffraction limit, respectively.

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“…In the framework of the EMRP IND06 "MIQC" project, measurement techniques for the characterisation of QKD quantum optical components were developed [3,32]. The activities in the project were mainly focused on pseudo-singlephoton sources and single-photon detectors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

European coordinated metrological effort for quantum cryptography

Gramegna

Berchera

Kueck

et al. 2018

Quantum Technologies 2018

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Quantum Key Distribution, a fundamental component of quantum secure communication that exploits quantum states and resources for communication protocols, can future-proof the security of digital communications, when if advanced quantum computing systems and mathematical advances render current algorithmic cryptography insecure. A QKD system relies on the integration of quantum physical devices, as quantum sources, quantum channels and quantum detectors, in order to generate a true random (unconditionally secure) cryptographic key between two remote parties connected through a quantum channel. The gap between QKD implemented with ideal and real devices can be exploited to attack real systems, unless appropriate countermeasures are implemented. Characterization of real devices and countermeasure is necessary to guarantee security. Free-space QKD systems can provide secure communication to remote parties of the globe, while QKD systems based on entanglement are intrinsically less vulnerable to attack. Metrology to characterize the optical components of these systems is required. Actually, the "Optical metrology for quantum-enhanced secure telecommunication" Project (MIQC2) is steering the metrological effort for Quantum Cryptography in the European region in order to accelerate the development and commercial uptake of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) technologies. Aim of the project is the development of traceable measurement techniques, apparatus, and protocols that will underpin the characterisation and validation of the performance and quantum-safe security of such systems, essential steps towards standardization and certification of practical implementations of quantum-based technologies.

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Metrology for industrial quantum communications: the MIQC project

Cited by 13 publications

References 43 publications

Metrology Challenges in Quantum Key Distribution

Metrology Challenges in Quantum Key Distribution

Quantum imaging with sub-Poissonian light: challenges and perspectives in optical metrology

European coordinated metrological effort for quantum cryptography

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