Metrics of progress in the understanding and management of threats to Australian birds

Garnett, Stephen T.; Butchart, Stuart H. M.; Baker, G. Barry; Bayraktarov, Elisa; Buchanan, Katherine L.; Burbidge, AA; Chauvenet, Aliénor L. M.; Christidis, Les; Ehmke, Glenn; Grace, Molly K.; Hoccom, David G.; Legge, Sarah; Leiper, Ian; Lindenmayer, David B.; Loyn, Richard; Maron, Martine; McDonald, Paul G.; Menkhorst, Peter; Possingham, Hugh P.; Radford, James Q.; Reside, April E.; Watson, David M.; Watson, James; Wintle, Brendan A.; Woinarski, John C. Z.; Geyle, Hayley M.

doi:10.1111/cobi.13220

Cited by 32 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Climate change/severe 173 weather was considered in a separate category; see Table A2.2, Appendix 2 for more details on threats 174 classified as marine or terrestrial). We estimated the impact of each ongoing threat on each species by 175 multiplying the mean scope (the proportion of the population affected; see Table 1) by the mean 176 severity (Table 1; Garnett et al, 2018), and categorised these into four levels, from "low" to "very high" 177…”

Section: Data Sources and Threats Classification 109mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Threats to seabirds: A global assessment

Dias

Martin

Pearmain

et al. 2019

Biological Conservation

522

395

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37We present the first objective quantitative assessment of the threats to all 359 species of seabirds, 38 identify the main challenges facing them, and outline priority actions for their conservation. We applied 39 the standardised Threats Classification Scheme developed for the IUCN Red List to objectively assess 40 threats to each species and analysed the data according to global IUCN threat status, taxonomic group, 41and primary foraging habitat (coastal or pelagic). The top three threats to seabirds in terms of number 42 of species affected and average impact are: invasive alien species, affecting 165 species across all the 43 most threatened groups; bycatch in fisheries, affecting fewer species (100) but with the greatest 44 average impact; and climate change/severe weather, affecting 96 species. In addition to impacting 86% 45 of globally threatened species, these three top threats also affect 81% of the species currently classified 46as Near Threatened or as Least Concern but declining. Reversing these three threats would benefit two-47 thirds of all species and c. 380 million individual seabirds (c. 45% of the total global seabird population). 48Most seabirds (c. 70%), especially globally threatened species, face multiple threats. For albatrosses, 49 petrels and penguins in particular (the three most threatened groups of seabirds), it is essential to 50 tackle both terrestrial and marine threats to reverse declines. As the negative effects of climate change 51 are harder to mitigate, it is vital to compensate by addressing other major threats that often affect the 52 same species, such as invasive alien species and bycatch, for which proven solutions exist. 53 54

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Section: Data Sources and Threats Classification 109mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…System for scoring impact of threats (fromGarnett et al, 2018). Values within parentheses 857 represent the percentage of the total population affected (scope) and the known or likely rate of 858 population decline caused by the threat over three generations (severity).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Threats to seabirds: A global assessment

Dias

Martin

Pearmain

et al. 2019

Biological Conservation

522

395

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Weighting conservation needs in this way gives greater importance to threats that impact more Bengal Floricans. To this end formulae within (Garnett et al, ) were modified such that:

{RN}_{xt} = I_{xtc} \times ((), 1 - \frac{({MU}_{italicxt} \times N_{x})}{({MU}_{\max} \times N_{x})})

{MN}_{xt} = I_{xtc} \times ((), 1 - \frac{({MI}_{italicxt} \times N_{x})}{({MI}_{\max} \times N_{x})})

where MU xt and MI xt are management understanding and implementation respectively for each threat t on Bengal Floricans in management unit x , MU (max) and MI (max) are both 6, I xtc is the impact of threat t on Bengal Floricans in management unit x under the assumption that there has been no management and N x is the population of Bengal Floricans in management unit x (see tables 1 and 2 of (Garnett et al, )). We did not weight the metrics for research achievement, management achievement and percent threat reduction by population size because we wanted to identify management units where conservation had been successful regardless of the size of the population.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Weighting conservation needs in this way gives greater importance to threats that impact more Bengal Floricans. To this end formulae within (Garnett et al, 2018) were modified such that:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A systematic expert‐based assessment of progress and priorities for conservation of the Bengal Florican Houbaropsis bengalensis

Mahood

Jha

Rahmani

et al. 2019

Conservat Sci and Prac

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We used information derived from expert elicitation to measure progress in conservation of the Bengal Florican (Houbaropsis bengalensis) by calculating six metrics, namely: (a) current threat impact, (b) research need, (c) research achievement, (d) management need, (e) management achievement, and (f) percentage threat reduction. We then used the metrics to identify priority threats, namely predation by dogs, hunting, power lines, and vegetation changes caused by human activities. The metrics indicate that although there has been little progress in addressing predation and power lines, reductions in hunting have been achieved and practitioners have a good understanding of how to ameliorate vegetation changes. We assessed conservation needs across all sites that support Bengal Florican, and highlight conservation achievements at Stoung‐Chikreang Bengal Florican Conservation Area (BFCA), Manas National Park and Kaziranga National Park. We used our results to develop a framework for prioritizing collaboration on tackling priority threats. We highlight D'Ering Wildlife Sanctuary in India as one of the highest priority sites for Bengal Florican conservation, and propose that conservation in Stoung‐Chikreang Bengal Florican Conservation Area (BFCA), Manas National Park and Kaziranga National Park must be continued, scaled‐up and good‐practice replicated at Koklabari, Baray BFCA and Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve. If these plans are followed, then we believe that priority threats can be adequately addressed and the extinction of Bengal Florican can be prevented.

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A national‐scale dataset for threats impacting Australia’s imperiled flora and fauna

Ward

Carwardine

Yong

et al. 2021

Ecology and Evolution

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Australia is in the midst of an extinction crisis, having already lost 10% of terrestrial mammal fauna since European settlement and with hundreds of other species at high risk of extinction. The decline of the nation's biota is a result of an array of threatening processes; however, a comprehensive taxon‐specific understanding of threats and their relative impacts remains undocumented nationally. Using expert consultation, we compile the first complete, validated, and consistent taxon‐specific threat and impact dataset for all nationally listed threatened taxa in Australia. We confined our analysis to 1,795 terrestrial and aquatic taxa listed as threatened (Vulnerable, Endangered, or Critically Endangered) under Australian Commonwealth law. We engaged taxonomic experts to generate taxon‐specific threat and threat impact information to consistently apply the IUCN Threat Classification Scheme and Threat Impact Scoring System, as well as eight broad‐level threats and 51 subcategory threats, for all 1,795 threatened terrestrial and aquatic threatened taxa. This compilation produced 4,877 unique taxon–threat–impact combinations with the most frequently listed threats being Habitat loss, fragmentation, and degradation (n = 1,210 taxa), and Invasive species and disease (n = 966 taxa). Yet when only high‐impact threats or medium‐impact threats are considered, Invasive species and disease become the most prevalent threats. This dataset provides critical information for conservation action planning, national legislation and policy, and prioritizing investments in threatened species management and recovery.

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Metrics of progress in the understanding and management of threats to Australian birds

Cited by 32 publications

References 30 publications

Threats to seabirds: A global assessment

Threats to seabirds: A global assessment

A systematic expert‐based assessment of progress and priorities for conservation of the Bengal Florican Houbaropsis bengalensis

A national‐scale dataset for threats impacting Australia’s imperiled flora and fauna

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