Metrics-Driven Evaluation of Cybersecurity for Critical Railway Infrastructure

Neema, Himanshu; Potteiger, Bradley; Koutsoukos, Xenofon; Tang, CheeYee; Stouffer, Keith

doi:10.1109/rweek.2018.8473542

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…28 To analyse the resilience of railway operations in the presence of cyberattacks, like, denial of service (DOS), integrity, corruption and delay attacks, researchers have used hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testbed and Veins simulator. [71][72][73][74] Further, to reach the required level of cyber resilience, researchers have introduced a wider model-driven approach by formalizing Unified Modelling Language (UML)-to-Bayesian Network (BN) for radio communication. 75 Within high speed rail network, a secure Data Distribution (SDD) mechanism has been developed and Lyapunov optimization theory has been utilised to solve the optimization problem.…”

Section: Critical Review Results By Research Themesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on cybersecurity in railways

Kour

Patwardhan

Thaduri

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F:

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Digitalisation is transforming the railway globally. One of the major considerations in digital transformation of any industry including the railway is the increased exposure to cyberattacks. The railway industry is vulnerable to these attacks because since the number of digital items and also number of interfaces between digital and physical components in the railway systems keep increasing. Increased number of items and interfaces require new frameworks, concepts and architectures to ensure the railway system’s resilience with respect to cybersecurity challenges, such as lack of proactiveness, lack of holistic perspective and obsolescence of safety systems exposed to current and future cyber threats landscape. To this date, there are several works carried out in the literature that studied the cybersecurity aspects and its application on railway infrastructure. However, to develop and implement an appropriate roadmap to cybersecurity in railways, there is a need of describing emerging challenges, and approaches to deal with these challenges and the possibilities and benefits of these. Hence, the objective of this paper is to provide a systematic review and outline cybersecurity emerging trends and approaches, and also to identify possible solutions by querying literature, academic and industrial, for future directions. The authors of this paper conducted separate searches through four popular databases, that is, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science and IEEE explore. For the screening process, authors have used keywords with Boolean operators and database filters and identified 90 articles most relevant to the study domain. The analysis of 90 articles shows that majority of the cybersecurity studies lies within the railways are conceptual and lags in application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) based security. Like other industries, it is very important that railways should also follow latest security technologies, trends and train their workforce for cyber hygiene since railways are already in digitalization transition mode.

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Section: Critical Review Results By Research Themesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on cybersecurity in railways

Kour

Patwardhan

Thaduri

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F:

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“…The timetable design is obviously a trade-off between the opposing requirements of stability and feasibility, and robustness and resilience, wherein the former requirements are typically met by using deterministic traffic models, whereas the latter require a stochastic-oriented modelling approach [207]. Other methodologies that are typically used in the resilience assessment of low-level and small-scale problems may include the use of dedicated traffic simulation suites, such as the Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO) [208] and the hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) approach, to validate the simulation results [209].…”

Section: Resilience Improvement Measures and Inspection Of Critical I...mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Current Challenges and Emerging Technologies to Facilitate Increased Energy Efficiency, Safety, and Sustainability of Railway Transport

Kljaić,

Pavković,

Cipek

et al. 2023

Future Internet

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This article presents a review of cutting-edge technologies poised to shape the future of railway transportation systems, focusing on enhancing their intelligence, safety, and environmental sustainability. It illustrates key aspects of the energy-transport-information/communication system nexus as a framework for future railway systems development. Initially, we provide a review of the existing challenges within the realm of railway transportation. Subsequently, we delve into the realm of emerging propulsion technologies, which are pivotal for ensuring the sustainability of transportation. These include innovative solutions such as alternative fuel-based systems, hydrogen fuel cells, and energy storage technologies geared towards harnessing kinetic energy and facilitating power transfer. In the following section, we turn our attention to emerging information and telecommunication systems, including Long-Term Evolution (LTE) and fifth generation New Radio (5G NR) networks tailored for railway applications. Additionally, we delve into the integral role played by the Industrial Internet of Things (Industrial IoT) in this evolving landscape. Concluding our analysis, we examine the integration of information and communication technologies and remote sensor networks within the context of Industry 4.0. This leveraging of information pertaining to transportation infrastructure promises to bolster energy efficiency, safety, and resilience in the transportation ecosystem. Furthermore, we examine the significance of the smart grid in the realm of railway transport, along with the indispensable resources required to bring forth the vision of energy-smart railways.

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“…In the past, we have focused our work on utilizing the CPSWT simulation integration framework to evaluate the cybersecurity of railway scenarios [9]. CPSWT takes advantage of the IEEE High Level Architecture (HLA) standard [1] to integrate various domainspecific simulators synchronously and analyze integrated simulations with different system configurations and parameters in the context of many different CPS experiments.…”

Section: Hil Testbedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Library. Domain-specific operational metrics [10] are require computation logic that is specific to the domain as well as the metric. However, many domain-specific aspects can be modularized in a form that becomes reusable for calculating different operational metrics.…”

Section: Metricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation testbed for railway infrastructure security and resilience evaluation

Neema

Koutsoukos

Potteiger

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the 7th Symposium on Hot Topics in the Science of Security

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The last decade has seen an influx of digital connectivity, operation automation, and remote sensing and control mechanisms in the railway domain. The management of the railway operations through the use of distributed sensors and controllers and with programmable and remotely controllable railway signals and switches has led to gains in system efficiency as well as operational flexibility. However, the network connectivity has opened up the railway cyber communication networks to cyber-attacks. These are a class of cyber-physical systems (CPS) with interconnected physical, computational, and communication components. The cyber-attacks on these systems could potentially cascade through these interconnection and result into significant damage. These systems are safety-critical owing to their large-scale monetary and, more importantly, human life safety concerns. Therefore, it is better to incorporate security and resilience requirements right from the design time. In this paper, we describe a domain-specific framework for simulations in the railway domain. The framework allows analyzing the resilience of railway operations in the presence of cyber-attacks. In particular, our simulation framework allows modeling the railway network as well as the railway transportation. It provides an online graphical modeling environment that allows multiple users to collaborate, through a web-based interface, over the same model for the railway infrastructure as well as network attacks. The framework also allows the user to configure and run experiments through the web-interface and also to visualize the key operational metrics from the railway domain as the experiment is running. The framework also supports executing large simulations in the cloud. In addition, it supports hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation for incorporating physical effects and network attacks that can only be realized realistically in the hardware. A detailed case study is provided to demonstrate the framework's capabilities.

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Metrics-Driven Evaluation of Cybersecurity for Critical Railway Infrastructure

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

A review on cybersecurity in railways

A review on cybersecurity in railways

An Overview of Current Challenges and Emerging Technologies to Facilitate Increased Energy Efficiency, Safety, and Sustainability of Railway Transport

Simulation testbed for railway infrastructure security and resilience evaluation

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