Metric method for sex determination based on the 12th thoracic vertebra in contemporary north-easterners in China

Sex estimation from dimensions of the fourth lumbar vertebra in Northern Finns of 20, 30, and 46 years of age

“…Their successful sex estimation rates varied from 57.7% to 88.7%, with diameters of the vertebral body yielding the highest accuracies. Correspondingly, several studies [18][19][20][21][22] investigating lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae in various ethnic groups have reached estimation accuracies of up to 94.2%. However, their sample sizes have been mostly small, and conclusions have been drawn from cadaveric material from skeletal collections and/or material with a broad age range.…”

“…Here, we report the sex estimation potential of three easily obtainable dimensions of the L4 body (width, depth, height) in three age groups (20,30,46 years) of the general living Northern Finnish population. We obtained the L4 dimensions from recent lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, and used univariate and multivariate logistic regression models to assess them in terms of sex estimation.…”

Identification of sex and age for Egyptians using computed tomography of the first lumbar vertebra

“…Moreover they proved that the second cervical vertebra is a good sex identifier especially when bigger bones are damaged. Hou et al (2012) and Yu et al (2008) proved that the last thoracic vertebra (T12) showed significant sexual difference (Badr El Dine and El Shafei, 2015); they have reached accuracy rates of 90% and 94.2% respectively for sex determination from T12 measurements (linear measurements of vertebral body and processes) (Ramadan et al, 2017). Moreover, different vertebral measurements taken from the first lumbar vertebra (L1) had great role in sex identification at high accuracy rates according to (Zheng et al, 2012); they proved that accuracy rates of five measurements, related to the vertebral body, were more than 80%.…”

Age and Sex Identification Using Multi-slice Computed Tomography of the Last Thoracic Vertebrae of an Egyptian Sample

“…Hou et al [13] also reported sexual dimorphism of all measurements of T12 of Chinese except LVF with accuracy rate of 94.2% using MSCT. In addition, Yu et al [12] reported that there was statistical significant difference between males and females in most of measurements taken from T12 multi-slice computed tomography of Korean sample with accuracy rate 90%.…”