Metolachlor and Its Metabolites in Tile Drain and Stream Runoff in the Canajoharie Creek Watershed

Phillips, Patrick J.; Wall, Gary R.; Thurman, E. Michael; Eckhardt, David A.; Vanhoesen, J.

doi:10.1021/es9811997

Cited by 59 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(26 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Only cyanazine however has such a criteria establishedshaving an unenforceable health advisory level set at 1.0 µg/L. Making the gross assumption that the chlorinated degradates may have similar toxicity as the parent compoundssimilar to what has been found with the The results of this study documented that data on the degradates for cyanazine are critical for understanding its fate and transport in the hydrologic system, similar to what has been found with acetochlor, alachlor, atrazine, and metolachlor (3,4,25,26). Furthermore, the prevalence of the chlorinated degradates of cyanazine found in groundwater suggests that to accurately determine the overall effect of cyanazine on human health and the environment its degradates should also be considered.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 62%

Occurrence of Cyanazine Compounds in Groundwater: Degradates More Prevalent Than the Parent Compound

Kolpin

Thurman

Linhart

2001

Environ. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A recently developed analytical method using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to investigate the occurrence of cyanazine and its degradates cyanazine acid (CAC), cyanazine amide (CAM), deethylcyanazine (DEC), and deethylcyanazine acid (DCAC) in groundwater. This research represents some of the earliest data on the occurrence of cyanazine degradates in groundwater. Although cyanazine was infrequently detected in the 64 wells across Iowa sampled in 1999, cyanazine degradates were commonly found during this study. The most frequently detected cyanazine compound was DCAC (32.8%) followed by CAC (29.7%), CAM (17.2%), DEC (3.1%), and cyanazine (3.1%). The frequency of detection for cyanazine or one or more of its degradates (CYTOT) was more than 12-fold over that of cyanazine alone (39.1% for CYTOT versus 3.1% for cyanazine). Of the total measured concentration of cyanazine, only 0.2% was derived from its parent compounds with DCAC (74.1%) and CAC (18.4%) comprising 92.5% of this total. Thus, although DCAC and CAC had similar frequencies of detection, DCAC was generally present in higher concentrations. No concentrations of cyanazine compounds for this study exceeded water-quality criteria for the protection of human health. Only cyanazine, however, has such a criteria established. Nevertheless, because these cyanazine degradates are still chlorinated, they may have similar toxicity as their parent compounds similar to what has been found with the chlorinated degradates of atrazine. Thus, the results of this study documented that data on the degradates for cyanazine are critical for understanding its fate and transport in the hydrologic system. Furthermore, the prevalence of the chlorinated degradates of cyanazine found in groundwater suggests that to accurately determine the overall effect on human health and the environment from cyanazine its degradates should also be considered. In addition, because CYTOT was found in 57.6% of the samples collected from alluvial aquifers, about 2-5 times more frequently than the other major aquifer types (glacial drift, bedrock/karst, bedrock/ nonkarst) under investigation, this finding has long-term implications for the occurrence of CYTOT in streams. It is anticipated that low-level concentrations of CYTOT will continue to be detected in streams for years after the use of cyanazine has terminated (scheduled for the year 2000 in the United States), primarily through its movement from groundwater into streams during base-flow conditions.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 62%

Occurrence of Cyanazine Compounds in Groundwater: Degradates More Prevalent Than the Parent Compound

Kolpin

Thurman

Linhart

2001

Environ. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…(15) The widely used pesticide atrazine does not degrade rapidly in soils ( fig. 4 -4) and dissolves readily in water and, as a result, atrazine is one of the most frequently detected pesticides in streams and groundwater.…”

Section: Pesticides That Do Not Readily Adhere To Soils Are Frequentlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 -4) and dissolves readily in water and, as a result, atrazine is one of the most frequently detected pesticides in streams and groundwater. (15) Figure 4 -4. The chemical characteristics of a pesticide determine whether that pesticide breaks down rapidly in soil (is not persistent) and whether it attaches to soil particles rather than being transported in water.…”

Section: Pesticides That Do Not Readily Adhere To Soils Are Frequentlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many pesticides degrade to other compounds with chemical characteristics that are different from those of the pesticide originally applied. Metolachlor, alachlor, and acetochlor, for example, are heavily used and degrade most rapidly in soils, but their degradation products last comparatively longer than the parent compound and are more soluble -therefore, they are more frequently detected in groundwater than are the pesticides originally applied (15,16,17) (see Chapter 7 section entitled Pesticides).…”

Section: Pesticides That Do Not Readily Adhere To Soils Are Frequentlmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The quality of our Nation's waters: water quality in the glacial aquifer system, northern United States, 1993-2009

Warner¹,

Ayotte²

2015

Circular

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

For more information on the USGS-the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment-visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1-888-ASK-USGS.For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http: //www.usgs.gov/pubprod To order this and other USGS information products, visit http://store.usgs.gov Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.Although this information product, for the most part, is in the public domain, it also may contain copyrighted materials as noted in the text. Permission to reproduce copyrighted items must be secured from the copyright owner.Suggested citation: Warner, K.L., and Ayotte, J.D., 2014, The quality of our Nation's waters -Water quality in the glacial aquifer system, northern United States, 1993-2009: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1352. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataWarner, Kelly L. The quality of our nation's waters---water quality in the glacial aquifer system, northern United States, 1993States, -2009 ForewordThe United States has made major investments in assessing, managing, regulating, and conserving natural resources, such as water and a variety of ecosystems. Sustaining the quality of the Nation's water resources and the health of our diverse ecosystems depends on the availability of sound water-resources data and information to develop effective, science-based policies. Effective management of water resources also brings more certainty and efficiency to important economic sectors. Taken together, these actions lead to immediate and long-term economic, social, and environmental benefits that make a difference to the lives of millions of people ( http://water.usgs.gov/nawqa/applications/ ).Two decades ago, Congress established the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program to meet this need. Since then NAWQA has served as a primary source of nationally consistent information on the quality of the Nation's streams and groundwater, on ways in which water quality changes over time, and on the natural features and human activities affecting the quality of streams and groundwater. Objective and reliable data, systematic scientific studies, and models are used to characterize where, when, and why the Nation's water quality is degradedand what can be done to improve and protect the water for human and ecosystem needs. This information is critical to our future because the Nation faces an increasingly complex and growing need for clean water to support people, economic growth, and healthy ecosystems. For example, NAWQA findings for public-supply wells, which provide water to about 105 million people, showed that 22 percent of source-water samples contained at least one contaminant at levels of potential health concern. Similarly, 23 percent of samples from domestic (or privately owned) wells, which supply untreated water to an additional...

show abstract

“…Specifically, research on pesticides has found degradates in surface water (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10), groundwater (11)(12)(13), precipitation (14)(15)(16), air (17,18), and sediment (19,20).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Reviewed: When Synthetic Chemicals Degrade in the Environment

Boxall

Sinclair²,

Fenner³

et al. 2004

Environ. Sci. Technol.

325

185

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Metolachlor and Its Metabolites in Tile Drain and Stream Runoff in the Canajoharie Creek Watershed

Cited by 59 publications

References 17 publications

Occurrence of Cyanazine Compounds in Groundwater: Degradates More Prevalent Than the Parent Compound

Occurrence of Cyanazine Compounds in Groundwater: Degradates More Prevalent Than the Parent Compound

The quality of our Nation's waters: water quality in the glacial aquifer system, northern United States, 1993-2009

Peer Reviewed: When Synthetic Chemicals Degrade in the Environment

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About