Metode Penelitian Sastra Lokal: Sebuah Rumusan Awal

Abstract

AbstrakMunculnya karya sastra lokal di Indonesia akhir-akhir ini secara massif penting untuk direspon. Hal pertama yang perlu dilakukan ialah merumuskan metode penelitian yang sesuai dengan pendekatan dan permasalahan yang dominan muncul dalam karya sastra lokal. Permasalahan tersebut antara lain, narasi budaya lokal dan kearifan lokal yang ditampilkan di dalam karya sastra, serta relasi antara narasi budaya lokal dengan masyarakat, pengarang, dan pembaca. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, penulis meyakini bahwa pendekatan klasik M.H Abrams, yang terdiri dari pendekatan objektif, mimetik, ekspresif, dan pragmatik relevan untuk menjawab dan menjelaskan permasalahan. Sementara metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah metode deskripsi analisis dengan langkah kerja sesuai asumsi dari masing-masing 4 pendekatan tersebut. Hal yang penting dalam penelitian sastra lokal ialah penelusuran data melalui sumber pustaka dan wawancara. Data wawancara penting untuk membangun pemahaman mengenai konteks budaya dari masyarakat yang digambarkan oleh karya. Sementara analisis yang penting dilakukan ialah mendeteksi sikap dari karya sastra dalam memandang budayanya sendiri dan budaya lain dalam interaksi budaya. Analisis ini merupakan langkah awal dalam mendeteksi munculnya sikap-sikap negatif dalam tumbuh kembangnya budaya lokal, yakni sikap konservatif dan persaingan budaya yang tidak sehat. Kata Kunci: Sastra Lokal, Metode Penelitian, Interaksi Budaya. Pendahuluan Dalam konteks kesusastraan Indonesia pasca-Reformasi, marak bermunculan karya sastra yang mengeksplorasi tema-tema lokalitas. Hal itu sejalan dengan semangat reformasi. Melalui kacamata posmodernisme, dapat diketahui adanya pergeseran narasi besar bangsa Indonesia dari pusat ke pinggir. Ketika era Orde Baru keberadaan pusat wacana ditunjukkan melalui kebijakan-kebijakan yang bersifat Jurnal

Cultural Value and Locality in the Merapi Daily Short Story Collection “Lintang Johar Cikal Bakal Mataram Islam”

“…The locality theory used is Stanton's theory (via Ilma & Bakthawar, 2019) which states that literary works are composed of three elements, namely story facts, literary devices and themes. Theme is the main element underlying the story.…”

“…Be it Central Java, Special Region of Yogyakarta, or East Java. Ilma & Bakthawar (2019) state that self-naming tends to be bound by the culture and ideal values of a particular society so that self-names can directly describe the culture of origin of a character. The names of these figures emerged because basically, this story is a story, which tells the story of the emergence of "Lintang Johar" as the forerunner of the Islamic Mataram work, in the Special Region of Yogyakarta.…”

“…Locality in a literary work can be seen from the three elements that underlie literary works. According to Stanton (via Ilma & Bakthawar, 2019) states that literary works are composed of three elements, namely story facts, literary devices, and themes. Theme is the main element underlying the story.…”

“…Based on this opinion, it can be seen that character, setting, plot, language style, title, symbols are several important parts that can be used as a guide in studying locality in literary works. Through character, elements of locality can be seen from the naming of characters; setting can be seen from the name of the area where the events in the literary work occur; elements of locality can be seen through the plot depicted in cultural problems that occur in literary works; elements of locality through language style can be seen from the dialect used in literary works, locality can be seen through the title; whether the story describes the locality or not; and finally, symbols can be seen from local culture used in the story (Ilma & Bakthawar, 2019).…”

Author's Tendency toward Patriarchal Culture in Novels by Khilma Anis

“…Within the pesantren community, the emergence of the names Najhaty Sarma and Khilma Anis marked the rise of women writers who represented a religion-based feminist ideology. Post-reformation Indonesian literature gave rise to literary works that explored local themes (5) . Khilma Anis is a female writer who consistently reviews the themes of women, Islamic boarding schools, and Javanese culture in all of her novels.…”