The dopaminergic system is implicated in the pathophysiology of
migraine. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We explored
the effects and mechanisms of dopaminergic system modulation in the
in-vivo and in-vitro rat models of migraine. Dopaminergic agonist
apomorphine, D2 receptor antagonists metoclopramide and haloperidol, and
5-HT3 receptor antagonist ondansetron alone and together were tested in
nitroglycerin-induced migraine model, in vivo. Likewise, the
combinations of drugs were also tested on basal CGRP release in-vitro
hemiskull preparations. Mechanical allodynia was tested by von-Frey
filaments. CGRP concentrations in trigeminovascular structures and
in-vitro superfusates, and c-Fos levels in brainstem were determined by
ELISA. Meningeal-mast cells were evaluated with toluidine-blue staining.
Apomorphine further enhanced nitroglycerin-induced mechanical allodynia,
brainstem c-fos expression, trigeminal ganglion and brainstem CGRP
concentrations, and meningeal mast cell degranulation, in vivo.
Haloperidol completely antagonised all apomorphine-induced effects and
also alleviated changes induced by nitroglycerin without apomorphine.
Metoclopramide and ondansetron partially attenuated apomorphine- or
nitroglycerin-induced effects. A combination of haloperidol and
ondansetron decreased basal CGRP release, in-vitro, while the other
administrations were ineffective. Apomorphine-mediated dopaminergic
activation exacerbated nitroglycerin-stimulated migraine pain by further
enchancing c-fos expression, CGRP release and mast cell degranulation in
strategical structures associated with migraine pain. Metoclopramide
partially attenuated the effects of apomorphine, most likely because it
is also a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. Haloperidol with pure D2 receptor
antagonism feature appears to be more effective than metoclopramide in
reducing migraine-related parameters in dopaminergic activation- and/or
NTG-induced migrane like conditions.