Methylsulfonylmethane increases osteogenesis and regulates the mineralization of the matrix by transglutaminase 2 in SHED cells

Abstract

Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) is a naturally occurring, sulfate-containing, organic compound. It has been shown to stimulate the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblast-like cells and bone formation. In this study, we investigated whether MSM influences the differentiation of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) into osteoblast-like cells and their osteogenic potential. Here, we report that MSM induced osteogenic differentiation through the expression of osteogenic markers such as osterix, osteopontin, and RUNX2, at both mRNA and protein levels in SHED cells. An increase in the activity of alkaline phosphatase and mineralization confirmed the osteogenic potential of MSM. These MSM-induced effects were observed in cells grown in basal medium but not osteogenic medium. MSM induced transglutaminase-2 (TG2), which may be responsible for the cross-linking of extracellular matrix proteins (collagen or osteopontin), and the mineralization process. Inhibition of TG2 ensued a significant decrease in the differentiation of SHED cells and cross-linking of matrix proteins. A comparison of mineralization with the use of mineralized and demineralized bone particles in the presence of MSM revealed that mineralization is higher with mineralized bone particles than with demineralized bone particles. In conclusion, these results indicated that MSM could promote differentiation and osteogenic potential of SHED cells. This osteogenic property is more in the presence of mineralized bone particles. TG2 is a likely cue in the regulation of differentiation and mineral deposition of SHED cells in response to MSM.

Potential Biomarkers of the Turnover, Mineralization, and Volume Classification: Results Using NMR Metabolomics in Hemodialysis Patients

“…Glycine is a major component of collagen and its association with high‐turnover disease could be a consequence of higher collagen reabsorption. in vitro studies have shown that dimethylsulfone may promote osteogenesis and osteogenic differentiation in primary bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells . Citrate is an important metabolite of energy metabolism and also largely present in the bone, where it can be found attached to apatite crystals .…”

Lipopolysaccharide- TLR-4 Axis regulates Osteoclastogenesis independent of RANKL/RANK signaling

“…For treatment with TAK-242 in the presence of LPS, RAW cells were treated with RANKL (60 ng/mL of media) at 0 h, and incubation was continued for 24 h. After 24 h, cells were washed three times with cold PBS, and the medium was replaced with fresh medium containing LPS (5 μg/mL) and TAK-242 (5 μM/mL) for another 24 h. This step was repeated at 48 h, and incubation was continued for 72 h (Table 1 ). After 72 h of incubation, cells were fixed and subjected to TRAP staining as described previously [ 62 ].…”

“…Immunoblotting was performed as previously described [ 61 , 62 ]. Briefly, an equal amount of lysate protein was separated by SDS-PAGE (10% gel) and transferred to polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) microporous membranes.…”

Osteogenic Properties of Novel Methylsulfonylmethane-Coated Hydroxyapatite Scaffold

“…Based on the ALP activity result, most mineralization was observed in the MH2.5 group at day 14. According to mineralization results in this study, MSM enhanced the mineralization effect from stem cells to osteoblast-like cells, as shown in stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth [ 15 ]. In terms of mineralization, the main calcium component was well known to easily combine with alizarin red [ 37 ].…”

“…It is non-toxic, has anti-inflammatory activity, and has been shown to prevent osteoarthritis. Recently, it was shown that MSM could promote osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) [ 14 , 15 ]. Kim et al showed that MSM increases the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) to induce the differentiation of MSCs into osteoblasts [ 16 ].…”