Methylphenidate modifies reward cue responses in adults with ADHD: An fMRI study

Furukawa, Emi; Costa, Raquel Quimas Molina da; Bado, Patricia; Hoefle, Sebastian; Vigne, Paula; Monteiro, Myriam; Wickens, Jeff; Moll, Jorge; Tripp, Gail; Mattos, Paulo

doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107833

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…On the other hand, MPH effects on brain activation may also be partly noradrenergic, since MPH has a higher binding potential for noradrenaline transporters compared with the dopamine transporter ( Hannestad et al, 2010 ; Volkow et al, 2002 ). Moreover, noradrenaline increases seem to normalise dorsal striatum-mPFC connectivity following rewards preceded by cues, thereby enhancing the discrimination between reward and non-rewarded cues in ADHD ( Furukawa et al, 2020 ). Finally, the negative correlation between the DSI as a measure of goal-directed tendencies and the activation difference between Valuable correct and Devalued learned-response in the inferior/middle frontal gyrus in stressed participants who received MPH may be indicative of MPH contributing to goal-directed behaviour under stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dopaminergic and noradrenergic modulation of stress-induced alterations in brain activation associated with goal-directed behaviour

et al. 2021

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Background: Acute stress is thought to reduce goal-directed behaviour, an effect purportedly associated with stress-induced release of catecholamines. In contrast, experimentally increased systemic catecholamine levels have been shown to increase goal-directed behaviour. Whether experimentally increased catecholamine function can modulate stress-induced reductions in goal-directed behaviour and its neural substrates, is currently unknown. Aim: To assess whether and how experimentally induced increases in dopamine and noradrenaline contribute to the acute stress effects on goal-directed behaviour and associated brain activation. Methods: One hundred participants underwent a stress induction protocol (Maastricht acute stress test; MAST) or a control procedure and received methylphenidate (MPH) (40 mg, oral) or placebo according to a 2 × 2 between-subjects design. In a well-established instrumental learning paradigm, participants learnt stimulus–response–outcome associations, after which rewards were selectively devalued. Participants’ brain activation and associated goal-directed behaviour were assessed in a magnetic resonance imaging scanner at peak cortisol/MPH concentrations. Results: The MAST and MPH increased physiological measures of stress (salivary cortisol and blood pressure), but only MAST increased subjective measures of stress. MPH modulated stress effects on activation of brain areas associated with goal-directed behaviour, including insula, putamen, amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex, frontal pole and orbitofrontal cortex. However, MPH did not modulate the tendency of stress to induce a reduction in goal-directed behaviour. Conclusion: Our neuroimaging data suggest that MPH-induced increases in dopamine and noradrenaline reverse stress-induced changes in key brain regions associated with goal-directed behaviour, while behavioural effects were absent. These effects may be relevant for preventing stress-induced maladaptive behaviour like in addiction or binge eating disorder.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dopaminergic and noradrenergic modulation of stress-induced alterations in brain activation associated with goal-directed behaviour

et al. 2021

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“…We developed a novel behavioral task, an adaptation of the PIT framework with a single excitatory cue, for use in conjunction with fMRI classical conditioning tasks (Furukawa et al, 2020). This new paradigm facilitates the measurement of BOLD responses in anticipation of the reward itself together with recording of the behavioral effects of classical conditioning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Adaptation of Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer (PIT) Methodology to Examine the Energizing Effects of Reward-Predicting Cues on Behavior in Young Adults

et al. 2020

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There is growing recognition that much of human behavior is governed by the presence of classically conditioned cues. The Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer (PIT) paradigm offers a way to measure the effects of classically conditioned stimuli on behavior. In the current study, a novel behavioral task, an adaptation of the PIT framework, was developed for use in conjunction with an fMRI classical conditioning task. Twenty-four healthy young adults completed (1) instrumental training, (2) Pavlovian conditioning, and (3) a Transfer test. During instrumental training, participants learned to apply force to a handgrip to win money from slot machines pictured on a computer screen. During Pavlovian conditioning, slot machines appeared with one of two abstract symbols (cues), one symbol was predictive of monetary reward. During the Transfer test, participants again applied force to a handgrip to win money. This time, the slot machines were presented with the Pavlovian cues, but with the outcomes hidden. The results indicated increased effort on the instrumental task, i.e., higher response frequency and greater force, in the presence of the reward-predicting cue. Our findings add to the growing number of studies demonstrating PIT effects in humans. This new paradigm is effective in measuring the effects of a conditioned stimulus on behavioral activation.

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“…The increased function of this gene was significantly associated with a reduced response of the ventral striatum in predicting reward (ADHD: n = 6 and control: n = 22). The activity of the ventral striatum of ADHD patients was similar for both reward-predictive and non-reward-predictive cues, but when methylphenidate was administered, the activity of the ventral striatum increased only in response to rewardpredictive cues, making the 2 cues more easily distinguishable [30]. These findings suggest that the gut microbiota have some influence on the abnormalities seen in the reward system of ADHD.…”

Section: Studies On Adhdmentioning

confidence: 87%

Role of Gut Microbiota in the Pathophysiology of Stress-Related Disorders: Evidence from Neuroimaging Studies

Izuno

Yoshihara

Sudo³

2021

Ann Nutr Metab

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Background: The brain and gut communicate bidirectionally via immune, neurological, and endocrine pathways, which is termed the “brain-gut interaction.” Recent studies of gut microbiota as a mediator of this interaction have provided a growing body of scientific evidence that suggests that the gut microbiota influences stress and emotional responses and stress-related disorders. Summary: Major advances in analytical methods have led to an increased number of studies that combine gut microbiota and neuroimaging, mainly magnetic resonance imaging, to elucidate the mechanisms. Observational studies have been done to examine brain characteristics related to gut microbiota profiles, and intervention studies have examined brain changes related to probiotic intake. Studies of healthy subjects using negative emotional stimuli have shown that the pattern of emotional response differs depending on the gut microbiota profile and that probiotic intervention can modulate emotional response and be a buffer against the negative effects of stress. In studies on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a typical psychosomatic disorder, IBS-specific gut microbiota were reported to contribute to visceral irritability and pain by affecting the subcortical regions. Studies on psychiatric disorders revealed that a relative abundance of Bacteroides that produce γ-aminobutyric acid in feces was associated with a change in brain function specific to depression and that gut microbiota have an influence on abnormalities in the reward system of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

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Methylphenidate modifies reward cue responses in adults with ADHD: An fMRI study

Cited by 15 publications

References 71 publications

Dopaminergic and noradrenergic modulation of stress-induced alterations in brain activation associated with goal-directed behaviour

Dopaminergic and noradrenergic modulation of stress-induced alterations in brain activation associated with goal-directed behaviour

An Adaptation of Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer (PIT) Methodology to Examine the Energizing Effects of Reward-Predicting Cues on Behavior in Young Adults

Role of Gut Microbiota in the Pathophysiology of Stress-Related Disorders: Evidence from Neuroimaging Studies

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