Methylphenidate Increases Choice of Cigarettes Over Money

Stoops, William W.; Poole, Megan; Vansickel, Andrea R.; Hays, Kathryn A.; Glaser, Paul E.A.; Rush, Craig R.

doi:10.1093/ntr/ntq198

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…If a subject chose only money, choices would have been between a cigarette and US$0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 1.25 and 1.50, as was the case for the Escalating Condition. The money values were selected based on previously published research (Bisaga et al, 2007; Stoops et al, 2011; Tidey et al, 2000). Subjects were provided with detailed instructions about the money values available at the beginning of each session.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of escalating alternative reinforcer values on cigarette choice

Stoops

Poole

Vansickel

et al. 2011

Behavioural Processes

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The availability of alternative reinforcers reduces drug taking. Escalating alternative reinforcer values have been used to initiate and maintain abstinence from drug use. A reset in reinforcer value has been added to the schedule of alternative reinforcer presentation to discourage relapse. The purpose of this preliminary study was to test the influence of escalating and escalating and resetting alternative reinforcer value on cigarette choice in the human laboratory. Fourteen daily cigarette smokers completed this experiment, which required one practice and three experimental sessions. During each experimental session, subjects made six choices between smoking a cigarette and receiving money, available under Constant, Escalating or Escalating and Resetting conditions. The total number of cigarettes chosen and puffs taken, but not the maximum consecutive number of cigarettes choices, was decreased in the Escalating condition relative to the Constant condition. The maximum number of consecutive cigarettes chosen was decreased in the Escalating and Resetting condition relative to the Constant condition. The proportion of money earned was increased in the Escalating condition relative to the Constant and Escalating and Resetting conditions. These initial findings indicate that whereas an escalating alternative reinforcer schedule reduces cigarette smoking overall, an escalating and resetting alternative reinforcer schedule may reduce repeated cigarette smoking (i.e., relapse).

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of escalating alternative reinforcer values on cigarette choice

Stoops

Poole

Vansickel

et al. 2011

Behavioural Processes

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“…In all studies, at least one dose of methylphenidate increased the total number of puffs significantly compared to placebo (Rush et al 2005; Vansickel et al 2007, 2009). In another study from our laboratory, methylphenidate was shown to increase the choice of cigarettes over money (Stoops et al 2011). Participants in that study were administered methylphenidate (0, 10, 20, and 40 mg) and then made a series of choices between half of a cigarette and US $0.25.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methylphenidate increases cigarette smoking in participants with ADHD

et al. 2011

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Rationale Methylphenidate (Ritalin®) is commonly prescribed for behavioral problems associated with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The results of previous studies suggest that methylphenidate increases cigarette smoking in participants without psychiatric diagnoses. Whether methylphenidate increases cigarette smoking in participants diagnosed with ADHD is unknown. Objective In this within-subjects, repeated measures experiment, the acute effects of a range of doses of methylphenidate (10, 20, and 40 mg) and placebo were assessed in nine cigarette smokers who were not attempting to quit and met diagnostic criteria for ADHD but no other Axis I psychiatric disorders other than nicotine dependence. Methods Each dose of methylphenidate was tested once while placebo was tested twice. One hour after ingesting drug, participants were allowed to smoke ad libitum for 4 h. Measures of smoking included total cigarettes smoked, total puffs, and carbon monoxide levels. Snacks and decaffeinated drinks were available ad libitum; caloric intake during the 4-h smoking session was calculated. Results Methylphenidate increased the total number of cigarettes smoked, total number of puffs, and carbon monoxide levels. Methylphenidate decreased the number of food items consumed and caloric intake. Conclusions The results of this experiment suggest that acutely administered methylphenidate increases cigarette smoking in participants with ADHD, which is concordant with findings from previous studies that tested healthy young adults. These data indicate that clinicians may need to consider non-stimulant options or counsel their patients before starting methylphenidate when managing ADHD-diagnosed individuals who smoke.

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“…Previous studies reporting increases in smoking behavior following stimulant drug administration have examined ad libitium smoking (i.e., with no response requirements; Cousins et al, 2001; Rush et al, 2005), a PR task with only a single alternative available (Sigmon et al, 2003), or a choice procedure in which participants made discrete choices for cigarette puffs or money (Stoops et al, 2011; Tidey et al, 2000). It is important to note that in both of the studies using discrete choices for cigarettes versus money, the value of the cash option was lower than that used in the present study ($0.25 vs. $0.50; Stoops et al, 2011; Tidey et al, 2000), though neither of those studies examined smokers with ADHD. It may be that the use of a higher monetary reinforcer in the present study muted the effects of methylphenidate on smoking-reinforced responding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methylphenidate does not influence smoking-reinforced responding or attentional performance in adult smokers with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Kollins

Schoenfelder

English

et al. 2013

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology

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Individuals with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) smoke cigarettes at rates higher than the general population and questions have been raised about how stimulant drugs – the frontline pharmacological treatment for ADHD – influence smoking risk and behavior in those with ADHD. In the present study adult regular smokers with (n=16) and without (n=17) ADHD participated in 3 experimental sessions in which they completed a Progressive Ratio (PR) task to measure the relative reinforcing effects of cigarette smoking and money following oral administration of placebo and 2 active doses of methylphenidate (10 mg and 40 mg). We also measured attention and inhibitory control via a Continuous Performance Test (CPT). Methylphenidate had no effect on smoking-reinforced responding, attention, or inhibitory control in either group. Attention and inhibitory control were associated with smoking-reinforced responding, but unsystematically and only in the non-ADHD group. Several design features, such as the value of the monetary response option, the PR schedule, and the potential effects of smoking on attention and inhibitory control, could have contributed to the negative findings and are discussed as such. Although inconsistent with some previous human laboratory studies of stimulant drugs and smoking, results are consistent with recent trials of stimulant drugs as adjuncts for smoking cessation in adult smokers with ADHD. In general, methylphenidate at mild and moderate doses did not influence the relative reinforcing effects of cigarette smoking in adults with and without ADHD.

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Methylphenidate Increases Choice of Cigarettes Over Money

Abstract: The results of this study suggest that methylphenidate increases the relative reinforcing efficacy of cigarette smoking. Stimulant use may thus be an important consideration for individuals attempting to quit smoking.

Cited by 16 publications

References 21 publications

Influence of escalating alternative reinforcer values on cigarette choice

Influence of escalating alternative reinforcer values on cigarette choice

Methylphenidate increases cigarette smoking in participants with ADHD

Methylphenidate does not influence smoking-reinforced responding or attentional performance in adult smokers with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

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