Methylphenidate, amygdalectomy, and active avoidance performance in the rat.

Yeudall, Lorne T.; Walley, Roc E.

doi:10.1037/h0077413

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Subsequent studies extended the active avoidance conditioning deficits after amygdala damage to rats. These deficits were reported in two-way active avoidance (McNew and Thompson, 1966;Campenot, 1969;Bush et al, 1973;Yeudall and Walley, 1977;Schutz and Izquierdo, 1979) and wheel-turning avoidance (Robinson, 1963).…”

Section: Active Avoidance Conditioningmentioning

confidence: 94%

Emotional Learning: Animals ☆

Maren

2017

Learning and Memory: A Comprehensive Reference

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Section: Active Avoidance Conditioningmentioning

confidence: 94%

Emotional Learning: Animals ☆

Maren

2017

Learning and Memory: A Comprehensive Reference

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“…In the majority of studies, amygdalectomized rats were impaired in acquiring or relearning a two-way avoidance problem (Bush, Lovely, & Pagano, 1973; Eclancher & Karli, 1980; King, 1958; Molino, 1975; Schütz & Izquierdo, 1979; Thatcher & Kimble, 1966; Yeudall & Walley, 1977) or other active avoidance problems (e.g., Robinson, 1963). However, negative results were also reported for adult rats and rats given lesions in infancy (Kleiner, Meyer, & Meyer, 1967; McNew & Thompson, 1966; Molino, 1975) and for those tested in other than the two-way active avoidance paradigm (position avoidance, etc., R.…”

Section: Lesion Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of the amygdala in learning and memory: A critical review, with emphasis on anatomical relations.

Sarter¹,

Markowitsch

1985

Behavioral Neuroscience

311

127

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The ability of the rat brain to acquire or to retain specific learning tasks was tested under conditions of multiple lesions and widely different amounts of practice. Lesion targets were (a) the medial prefrontal and cingulate cortex, (b) the anterior and mediodorsal thalamus, and (c) the dorsal and ventral hippocampus. Rats were divided into seven groups. The first group received lesions of all three structural complexes prior to training in a delayed alternation and an active avoidance task. Groups 2-4 received lesions in different combinations of two of the three structural complexes prior to task acquisition. Group 5 first learned both tasks and then received the medial cortical lesion; thereafter it was retrained to criterion. Then, the thalamic lesion was made, and relearning was tested a second time. Finally, the hippocampal region was damaged, and a last relearning test was given. Groups 6 and 7 also first acquired both tasks; however, after that, they received 240 (Group 6) or 1,280 (Group 7) trials of overtraining. Following this, all three structural complexes were given lesions serially before relearning of the two tasks was tested. Nine of the ten animals of Group 1 failed to acquire the alternation task, but all learned the avoidance task. In Groups 2-4, all rats acquired both tasks. Postoperatively, rats of Group 5 were inferior to those of Group 6 in both tasks, and rats of Group 7 were the most successful animals of the last three groups. These results question the assumption that serial lesions with intermittent training between lesions have beneficial effects, and they also stress the importance of task practice, that is, of behavioral experience. It is argued that prolonged training will lead to a widely distributed storage of information within the brain. The process of wide diffusion of information will, however, be disturbed (or at least retarded) by lesions made shortly after task acquisition or task reacquisition (as was the case for animals of Group 5).

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“…Concerning innate fear, Blanchard and Blanchard reported that rats with amygdala lesions exhibited prolonged contact with a sedated cat, often climbing onto its back, whereas control rats generally showed freezing behavior. Concerning conditioned fear, most studies on active avoidance conditioning have demonstrated that animals with amygdala lesions show deficits (Brady, Schreiner, Geller, & Kling, 1954; Coover, Ursin, & Levine, 1973; Eclancher & Karli, 1980; Goldstein, 1974; Horvath, 1963; Schutz & Izquierdo, 1979; Thatcher & Kimble, 1966; Ursin, 1965; Yeudall & Walley, 1977). Lesions of the entire amygdaloid complex or discrete nuclei within the amygdala before or after training have also led to impairments in passive avoidance behavior (Coover et al, 1973; Grossman, Grossman, & Walsh, 1975; Liang, et al, 1982; Pellegrino, 1968; Russo, Kapp, Holmquist, & Musty, 1976; Slotnick, 1973; Swartzwelder, 1981; Ursin, 1965).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lesions of the amygdala, but not of the cerebellum or red nucleus, block conditioned fear as measured with the potentiated startle paradigm.

Hitchcock¹,

Davis²

1986

Behavioral Neuroscience

485

284

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Rats were given 10 light-shock pairings on 2 successive days. At 24-48 hr following training, groups of rats received bilateral transection of the cerebellar peduncles, bilateral lesions of the red nucleus (which receives most of the cerebellar efferents), or bilateral lesions of the central nucleus of the amygdala. Control rats were sham operated. At 3-4 days after surgery, the rats were tested for potentiated startle (increased acoustic startle in the presence of the light previously paired with shock). Potentiated startle was blocked by lesions of the central nucleus of the amygdala. Transection of the cerebellar peduncles or lesions of the red nucleus did not block potentiated startle. A second experiment in which a visual prepulse test was used indicated that the blockade of potentiated startle observed in the animals with amygdala lesions could not be attributed to optic tract damage. A third experiment demonstrated that the absence of potentiation in the animals with amygdala lesions was not simply due to a lowered startle level ceiling, because these animals could show increased startle with increased stimulus intensity and with administration of strychnine, a drug that increases startle. Taken together, the results are consistent with the hypothesis that the amygdala is involved in fear conditioning, because potentiated startle is a measure of conditioned fear.

show abstract

Methylphenidate, amygdalectomy, and active avoidance performance in the rat.

Cited by 9 publications

References 20 publications

Emotional Learning: Animals ☆

Emotional Learning: Animals ☆

Involvement of the amygdala in learning and memory: A critical review, with emphasis on anatomical relations.

Lesions of the amygdala, but not of the cerebellum or red nucleus, block conditioned fear as measured with the potentiated startle paradigm.

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