Methylenedioxyphenyl and Its Related Compounds as Protectants against Ozone Injury to Plants

Koiwai, Akira; Kitano, Hiroshi; Fukuda, Michio; Kisaki, Takuro

doi:10.1271/bbb1961.38.301

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Several hundred derivatives have been identified so far (reviewed by Peres et al 2000). In plants they may be synthesized as protective agents, as shown by Koiwai et al (1974), in response to ozone injury. Xanthones are of great interest as potential pharmaceuticals for a broad variety of medical treatments.…”

Section: Xanthone Biosynthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytochromes P450 in phenolic metabolism

et al. 2006

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Three independent cytochrome P450 enzyme families catalyze the three rate-limiting hydroxylation steps in the phenylpropanoid pathway leading to the biosynthesis of lignin and numerous other phenolic compounds in plants. Their characterization at the molecular and enzymatic level has revealed an unexpected complexity of phenolic metabolism as the major route involves shikimate/quinate esters and alcohol/ aldehyde intermediates. Engineering expression of CYP73s (encoding cinnamate 4-hydroxyl ase), CYP98s (encoding 4-coumaroylshikimate 3¢-hydroxylase) or CYP84s (encoding coniferaldehyde 5-hydroxylase) leads to modified lignin and seed phenolic composition. In particular CYP73s and CYP98s also play essential roles in plant growth and development, while CYP84 constitutes a check-point for the synthesis of syringyl lignin and sinapate esters. Although recent data shed new light on the main path for lignin synthesis, they also raised new questions. Mutants and engineered plants revealed the existence of (an) alternative pathway(s), which most likely involve(s) different precursors and oxygenases. On the other hand, phylogenetic analysis of plant genomes show the existence of P450 gene duplications in each family, which may have led to the acquisition of novel or additional physiological functions in planta. In addition to the main lignin pathway, P450s contribute to the biosynthesis of many bioactive phenolic derivatives, with potential applications in medicine and plant defense, including lignans, phenylethanoids, benzoic acids, xanthones or quinoid compounds. A very small proportion of these P450s have been characterized so far, and rarely at a molecular level. The possible involvement of P450s in salicylic acid is discussed.Keywords Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases Á Phenylpropanoid metabolism Á Cinnamate 4-hydroxylase Á C4H Á Coumaroyl-shikimate 3¢-hydroxylase Á C3¢H Á Coniferaldehyde 5-hydroxylase Á CA5H Á F5H Á Lignin Á Sinapate esters Á Rosmarinic acid Á Salicylic acid Á Benzoic acid Á Podophyllotoxin Á Xanthone

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Section: Xanthone Biosynthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytochromes P450 in phenolic metabolism

et al. 2006

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“…Of ninety chemicals tested, only five showed significant protection from O 3 injury (Koiwai et al 1974). These five were: 3, 4-methylenedioxyphthaldehyde, benzimidazole, safroxane, xanthone and piperonyl butoxide.…”

Section: The Chemistry Of O 3 Formation and Its Uptake And Fate In Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Volume 233

Whitacre¹

2015

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

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“…One approach has been to use chemicals as antioxidants. Many chemicals have been tested for their effectiveness in protecting tobacco from ozone injury (3,12,14,27,28,29). Most of these chemicals, however, have not gained extensive use in agriculture for this purpose mainly because of the high cost of materials and the need for frequent and thorough applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Three Herbicides on the Sensitivity of Greenhouse-grown Flue-cured Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)Plants to Ozone

Sung¹,

Moore²

1979

Weed sci.

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TwoNicotiana tabacumL. cultivars, ‘North Carolina 88’ and ‘Coker 319′, were grown in a charcoal-filtered greenhouse and treated with three different herbicides according to the herbicide labels. Labeled rates (X) for diphenamid (N,N-dimethyl-2,2-diphenylacetamide), isopropalin (2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropylcumidine), and pebulate (S-propyl butylethylthiocarbamate) were 9.2 kg/ha, 2.3 kg/ha, and 6.2 kg/ha, respectively. Three weeks after treatment with 1/2X, X, or 2X rates of herbicide, half of the plants were fumigated with 15 μl/liter ozone for 2.5 h for four consecutive days. North Carolina 88 and Coker 319 grew equally well and were equally sensitive to ozone injury. Ozone reduced plant height and levels of reducing sugars and total nonstructural carbohydrates of both cultivars. Isopropalin, at X and 2X, reduced the ozone sensitivity and growth of both cultivars, while the X rate of pebulate reduced the ozone sensitivity of North Carolina 88. The chemical composition of the plants was not correlated with the sensitivity of the tobacco plants to ozone-induced injury. The major factors governing fleck intensity, growth, and chemical compositions were ozone and herbicide treatments.

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Methylenedioxyphenyl and Its Related Compounds as Protectants against Ozone Injury to Plants

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Cytochromes P450 in phenolic metabolism

Cytochromes P450 in phenolic metabolism

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Volume 233

The Influence of Three Herbicides on the Sensitivity of Greenhouse-grown Flue-cured Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)Plants to Ozone

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