Methylene Blue and Methyl Orange Dyes Removal using Low-Cost Composite of Banana Peel-TiO₂ Adsorbent

Abstract

Composite banana peel activated carbon-TiO2 is a photocatalyst used to degrade complex compound. In this research, peel of banana was activated using NaOH activator. The aims of this study was to compose biomass wastes (banana peels) with TiO2 catalyst using photocatalytic process to solve Methylene Blue and Methyl Orange dye waste problems. Sample were calcined at 300°C and activator concentration of NaOH varied (1:0; 1:1; 1:2; and 1:3) to obtain optimal results. The quality of activated carbon of banana peel was compared to SNI 06-3730-1995. There parameter measured were moisture content, ash content, adsorption of iodine, adsorption capacity of Methylene Blue and surface area of activated carbon. The results showed that the highest banana peel activated carbon compares to NaOH concentration of 1: 3 were 0.65%; 4.88%; 774.09 mg/g; 24.90 mg/g and 92.43 m2/g, respectively. It indicates that the optimal results are obtained in the preparation of activated carbon with 1:3 of activator composition. This activated carbon banana peel was combined with titanium dioxide P25. The composites were characterized by FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). FTIR spectrum showed that the absorption appeared in the region of Ti-O-C at wave number 1009 cm−1 and C=C at wave number 1620 cm−1. SEM showed that TiO2 spread on activated carbon surfaces. Based on analysis of Infrared presents the functional group of Ti-O and C=O of the composite. Morphology of the composite banana peel activated carbon-TiO2 showed that TiO2 spreads on active carbon surfaces. Based on analysis which have done showed that the composite activated carbon of banana peel-TiO2 formed. Optimum Methylene Blue and Methyl Orange degraded were 94.61% and 84.30%, respectively.

Synergistic adsorption and photocatalysis study of TiO2 and activated carbon composite

“… Material Power of Xenon lamp (W) Time (min) Elimination Efficiency (%) The dosage of the material (mg)/amount of MB solution (mL) × MB concentration (mg L −1 ) Ref. TiO 2 /g-C 3 N 4 160 100 98.5 20/100 × 5 [ 48 ] RS-HTO 300 90 95.18 200/100 × 10 [ 49 ] CeO 2 /TiO 2 250 120 100 80/100 × 15 [ 50 ] Banana peel activated carbon-TiO 2 / / 94.61 500/25 × 30 [ 51 ] WO 3 /AC 15-25 (mWcm −2 ) 25 94 20/20 × 10 [ 52 ] TiO 2 /AC 300 100 99.6 1000/50 × 100 This work …”