Methyl methacrylate toxicity in rat nasal epithelium: investigation of the time course of lesion development and recovery from short term vapour inhalation

Hext, Paul M.; Pinto, Patricia J.; Gaskell, Barbara A.

doi:10.1016/s0300-483x(00)00349-8

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Many studies that evaluate damage to the respiratory tract, specially to the nasal cavity, report inflammation, glandular atrophy, focal hyperplasia of basal cells and squamous metaplasia of the nasal cavity epithelium 1,11,13 . MMA effects on olfactory tissue show a pattern of regeneration during continuous exposure and degeneration that originates disorganization and an apparent resolution 7 , also noticeable in exposure to other chemical agents 6,10 . Only Tansy et al 20,21 (1980, 1979) studied injuries to the tracheal epithelium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Assessment of methyl methacrylate vapor toxicity on the rat tracheal epithelium

Parizi¹,

Nai²,

Batalha³

et al. 2005

Braz. oral res.

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ABSTRACT:Methyl methacrylate (MMA) is a monomer that is polymerized into resin by light and heat, producing a clear, resistant, durable and relatively inert plastic material. Because of these characteristics, MMA is largely used in Medicine as bone cement and in Dentistry, in dental braces and prostheses, thus generating continuous interest in its toxicity. Experimental and clinical studies have documented that monomers may cause a wide range of adverse health effects. The most important occupational exposure route of MMA is by inhalation. This study aims to evaluate the toxicity of MMA to the tracheal epithelium, according to the time of exposure. For this purpose, two experimental groups of rats were exposed to MMA by inhalation under poor ventilation: one group (n = 36) was exposed permanently, and the other (n = 36) was exposed during 8 hours per day, without water and food supply during the exposure period. A control group (n = 8) received normal air supply. Twelve animals of each study group were sacrificed after 5, 8 and 10 days of exposure together with two or four control animals. Twenty-nine (80.5%) of the rats continuously exposed to MMA developed inflammation on the tracheal epithelium, as well as 58.33% (n = 21) of those exposed 8 h/day and 87.5% (n = 7) of the control rats. No association was observed between the inflammatory process and MMA exposure; no significant alterations in the tracheal epithelium thickness were observed. Further studies on longer exposure times and analysis of other parameters will have to be conducted to exclude the possibility of tracheal damage by vapors of MMA. DESCRIPTORS: Methylmethacrylate; Trachea; Toxicity. RESUMO:O metil metacrilato (MMA) é um monômero que se polimeriza em resina pela ação da luz e do calor, transformando-se em plástico claro, resistente e durável, relativamente inerte. Por apresentar tais características, o MMA tem sido muito usado na Medicina, como cimento ósseo, e na Odontologia, em aparelhos e próteses dentais, o que tem suscitado interesse na avaliação de sua toxicidade. Estudos experimentais e clínicos têm mostrado que os monômeros podem causar uma gama de efeitos adversos. A principal via de exposição ocupacional ao MMA é a inalatória. Este trabalho visa a avaliar a ação tóxica do MMA sobre o epitélio traqueal em relação ao tempo de exposição. Para isso, dois grupos experimentais de ratos foram expostos ao MMA por inalação, com restrição de ventilação: um grupo (n = 36) foi exposto continuamente, e outro (n = 36) foi exposto durante oito horas diárias, sem água e comida durante o período de exposição. Um grupo controle (n = 8) recebeu ar normal. Doze animais de cada grupo de estudo foram sacrificados com 5, 8 e 10 dias de exposição, junto com dois ou quatro animais do grupo controle. Vinte e nove (80,5%) dos ratos expostos continuamente ao MMA apresentaram inflamação do epitélio traqueal, assim como 58,33% (n = 21) daqueles expostos 8 horas/dia e 87,5% (n = 7) dos controles. Não se observou associação entre o processo inflamatório e a expos...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Assessment of methyl methacrylate vapor toxicity on the rat tracheal epithelium

Parizi¹,

Nai²,

Batalha³

et al. 2005

Braz. oral res.

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“…Previously, investigations of toxicity within the nasal cavity have tended to be confined to sections taken from only 4 or 6 levels (5,10,14,23,32,36). This approach allows classification of a lesion as arising within olfactory, respiratory, or transitional epithelium, and gives some information regarding the distribution of the lesion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the purposes of this study moderate nasal toxicity that would result in a relatively focal lesion was required, and these dose levels were chosen based on the literature (12,14,32) and preliminary dose-ranging studies. Rats were administered a single IP injection of β-β -iminodipropionitrile (IDPN, 150 mg/ml/kg in saline, n = 3) or saline alone (1 ml/kg, n = 3) and killed 24 hours after dosing.…”

Section: Exposuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other animals were exposed by nose-only inhalation to either 400 ppm methyl methacrylate (MMA) for 4 hours, 100 ppm methyl iodide (MeI) for 2 hours, or clean, dry air for 6 hours (n = 3 for each exposure group), and sacrificed 24 hours after the end of the exposures. The test atmospheres were generated by evaporating the compounds inside a condenser and diluting the resultant vapours with clean dry air to obtain the target concentration (14,32). Test atmospheres were sampled regularly during the exposure period using a gas-tight syringe, and analysed on a gas chromatograph (Hewlett Packard, HP5890 Series II) fitted with a 25 m × 530 µm CPSIL5CB (Chrompak) column and a flame ionisation detector.…”

Section: Exposuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although this appears to be a detoxification reaction (7), it has been suggested that the resultant rapid and extensive depletion of intracellular glutathione may make the olfactory epithelium vulnerable to oxidative damage (7). Methyl methacrylate (MMA) is a potent olfactory toxin following inhalation exposure (14,15). MMA is hydrolysed by carboxylesterases to yield methacrylic acid, and the intracellular formation of this acidic metabolite is considered to be responsible for the toxicity seen with this ester (23).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Three-Dimensional Mapping of the Lesions Induced by β-β'-Iminodiproprionitrile, Methyl Iodide and Methyl Methacrylate in the Rat Nasal Cavity

et al. 2003

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The nasal cavity is an important target organ for toxicity, and many chemicals induce site-specific lesions in this region. The factors responsible for this site-selectivity have not been unequivocally identified, but probably include regional dosimetry and bioactivation. The purpose of this study was to map, in 3 dimensions, the lesions induced by β-β -iminodipropionitrile (IDPN), methyl iodide (MeI) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) in the rat nasal cavity. Animals were administered IDPN (150 mg/kg, IP) or exposed via inhalation to MeI (100 ppm, 2 hours) or MMA (400 ppm, 4 hours) and sacrificed after 24 hours. Heads were decalcified, step-sections (1 every 400 µm) cut and stained, and the severity of the epithelial lesion graded as mild (vacuolation and pyknosis), moderate (undulation and mild stripping), or marked (complete stripping). These grades were mapped onto a 3D-model of a rat nasal cavity using the KS400 imaging system (Imaging Associates, Thame, UK). Despite the different routes of exposure the lesions induced by the 3 compounds had very similar distributions, predominantly affecting the dorsal-medial aspects of the ethmoturbinates and, in the case of MMA, the organ of Rodolfo Masera. These results suggest that, with these chemicals, local bioactivation plays a more important role than dosimetry in determining lesion distribution.

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Acrylate Esters (Acrylic Acid Esters)

Amantana,

Szabo

2023

Patty's Toxicology

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The global acrylate monomers market is projected to reach approximately USD 12 billion by the year 2027. The rapid growth is based on the broad range of application of acrylates from routine household uses and cosmetics/personal care to industrial and surgical/dental applications. With the steep increase in volume and broad use of these products comes increased likelihood of exposure and the potential for adverse effects. Hence, this chapter focuses mainly on the hazard profiles, potential exposure scenarios, and exposure control measures for the various chemical classes of these acrylates. Each section within this chapter integrates scientific, regulatory, and epidemiological information collected from publicly available peer‐reviewed publications and databases maintained by recognized regulatory agencies in various jurisdictions.

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Methyl methacrylate toxicity in rat nasal epithelium: investigation of the time course of lesion development and recovery from short term vapour inhalation

Cited by 25 publications

References 20 publications

Assessment of methyl methacrylate vapor toxicity on the rat tracheal epithelium

Assessment of methyl methacrylate vapor toxicity on the rat tracheal epithelium

Three-Dimensional Mapping of the Lesions Induced by β-β'-Iminodiproprionitrile, Methyl Iodide and Methyl Methacrylate in the Rat Nasal Cavity

Acrylate Esters (Acrylic Acid Esters)

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