Methyl chloride emissions from halophyte leaf litter: Dependence on temperature and chloride content

Derendorp, Leonie; Wishkerman, Asher; Keppler, Frank; McRoberts, Colin; Holzinger, Rupert; Röckmann, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.12.035

Cited by 30 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Organic chlorine molecules can cause damage to the respiratory system of living organisms (Winder, 2001). They are also partly responsible for the destruction of the ozone layer in the stratosphere (Simpson et al, 2007;Derendorp et al, 2012). Industrial byproducts, such as persistent organic pollutants extensively used in agriculture, are a possible source of chlorinated compounds in soils (Meijer et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of microbial activity to formation of organically bound chlorine during batch incubation of forest soil using 37Cl as a tracer

Osswald

Poszwa

Bueno

et al. 2016

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of microbial activity to formation of organically bound chlorine during batch incubation of forest soil using 37Cl as a tracer

Osswald

Poszwa

Bueno

et al. 2016

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

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“…These fluxes are comparable in magnitude to those reported for several terrestrial sources, such as tropical forests (∼ 4520 nmol m −2 d −1 ), by Gebhardt et al (2008) or by Yokouchi et al (2002) and for other tropical or subtropical vegetation (Yokouchi et al, 2007), and they are higher than emissions from dryland ecosystems, including shortgrass steppe or shrublands . In some cases, the measured fluxes were higher than average emissions from salt marshes (e.g., ∼ 7300 nmol m −2 d −1 ; Deventer et al, 2018) but significantly smaller than the maximum fluxes from salt marshes (e.g., 570 000 nmol m −2 d −1 ; Rhew et al, 2000).…”

Section: Vhoc Flux and Mixing Ratiomentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Both COAST-TKM and COAST-EGD sites were identified as net sources, while with less statistical significance (p < 0.1), BARE-MSMR was also identified as a net source of CH 3 Br (Table 2). In contrast to CH 3 Cl, emissions of CH 3 Br at the Dead Sea were significantly lower than the average reported emissions from marshes (e.g., ∼ 600 nmol m −2 d −1 ; Deventer et al, 2018). The fluxes mea- Table 2.…”

Section: Vhoc Flux and Mixing Ratiomentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Accordingly, the need for improved understanding of VHOC emissions from saline environments and their potential importance on the global scale have been highlighted by recent studies (Weissflog et al, 2005;Kotte et al, 2012;Ruecker et al, 2014;Deventer et al, 2018). Moreover, due to global warming, saline environments are likely to become more prevalent (IPCC 2007;Ruecker et al, 2014;Jiao et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emission of volatile halogenated organic compounds over various Dead Sea landscapes

et al. 2019

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Volatile halogenated organic compounds (VHOCs), such as methyl halides (CH 3 X; X is Br, Cl and I) and very short-lived halogenated substances (VSLSs; bromoform -CHBr 3 , dibromomethane -CH 2 Br 2 , bromodichloromethane -CHBrCl 2 , trichloroethylene -C 2 HCl 3 , chloroform -CHCl 3 -and dibromochloromethane -CHBr 2 Cl) are well known for their significant influence on ozone concentrations and oxidation capacity of the troposphere and stratosphere and for their key role in aerosol formation. Insufficient characterization of the sources and the emission rate of VHOCs limits our ability to understand and assess their impact in both the troposphere and stratosphere. Over the last two decades, several natural terrestrial sources for VHOCs, including soil and vegetation, have been identified, but our knowledge of emission rates from these sources and their responses to changes in ambient conditions remains limited. Here we report measurements of the mixing ratios and fluxes of several chlorinated and brominated VHOCs from different landscapes and natural and agricultural vegetated sites at the Dead Sea during different seasons. Fluxes were generally positive (emission into the atmosphere), corresponding to elevated mixing ratios, but were highly variable. Fluxes (and mixing ratios) for the investigated VHOCs ranged as follows: CHBr 3 from −79 to 187 nmol m −2 d −1 (1.9 to 22.6 pptv), CH 2 Br 2 from −55 to 71 nmol m −2 d −1 (0.7 to 19 pptv), CHBr 2 Cl from −408 to 768 nmol m −2 d −1 (0.4 to 11 pptv), CHBrCl 2 from −29 to 45 nmol m −2 d −1 (0.5 to 9.6 pptv), CHCl 3 from −577 to 883 nmol m −2 d −1 (15 to 57 pptv), C 2 HCl 3 from −74 to 884 nmol m −2 d −1 (0.4 to 11 pptv), methyl chloride (CH 3 Cl) from -5300 to 10,800 nmol m −2 d −1 (530 to 730 pptv), methyl bromide (CH 3 Br) from −111 to 118 nmol m −2 d −1 (7.5 to 14 pptv) and methyl iodide (CH 3 I) from −25 to 17 nmol m −2 d −1 (0.4 to 2.8 pptv). Taking into account statistical uncertainties, the coastal sites (particularly those where soil is mixed with salt deposits) were identified as sources of all VHOCs, but this was not statistically significant for CHCl 3 . Further away from the coastal area, the bare soil sites were sources for CHBrCl 2 , CHBr 2 Cl, CHCl 3 , and probably also for CH 2 Br 2 and CH 3 I, and the agricultural sites were sources for CHBr 3 , CHBr 2 Cl and CHBrCl 2 . In contrast to previous reports, we also observed emissions of brominated trihalomethanes, with net molar fluxes ordered as follows: CHBr 2 Cl > CHCl 3 > CHBr 3 > CHBrCl 2 and lowest positive flux incidence for CHCl 3 among all trihalomethanes; this finding can be explained by the soil's enrichment with Br. Correlation analysis, in agreement with recent studies, indicated common controls for the emission of CHBr 2 Cl and CHBrCl 2 and likely also for CHBr 3 . There were no indications for correlation of the brominated trihalomethanes with CHCl 3 . Also in line with previous reports, we observed elevated emissions of Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences ...

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“…The biospheric C 1 methyl (CH 3 ) pool of plant origin, including mainly lignin and pectin methoxy groups (OCH 3 ), comprises ca 2.5% of the total amount of carbon in plant biomass . It has been shown that plant methoxy groups have both distinct stable hydrogen ( δ 2 H values) and carbon ( δ 13 C values) isotopic signatures . Relative to the bulk biomass of plants, a 13 C depletion of up to 50 mUr was observed for methoxy groups, the largest carbon isotope fractionation ever observed in the plant kingdom to date .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methyl sulfates as methoxy isotopic reference materials for δ¹³C and δ²H measurements

Greule

Moossen

Geilmann

et al. 2019

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Rationale Stable hydrogen and carbon isotope ratios of methoxy groups (OCH3) of plant organic matter have many potential applications in biogeochemical, atmospheric and food research. So far, most of the analyses of plant methoxy groups by isotope ratio mass spectrometry have employed liquid iodomethane (CH3I) as the reference material to normalise stable isotope measurements of these moieties to isotope–δ scales. However, comparisons of measurements of stable hydrogen and carbon isotopes of plant methoxy groups are still hindered by the lack of suitable reference materials. Methods We have investigated two methyl sulfate salts (HUBG1 and HUBG2), which exclusively contain carbon and hydrogen from one methoxy group, for their suitability as methoxy reference materials. Firstly, the stable hydrogen and carbon isotope values of the bulk compounds were calibrated against international reference substances by high‐temperature conversion‐ and elemental analyser isotope ratio mass spectrometry (HTC‐ and EA‐IRMS). In a second step these values were compared with values obtained by measurements using gas chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/IRMS) where prior to analysis the methoxy groups were converted into gaseous iodomethane. Results The 2H‐ and 13C isotopic abundances of HUBG1 measured by HTC‐ and EA‐IRMS and expressed as δ‐values on the usual international scales are −144.5 ± 1.2 mUr (n = 30) and −50.31 ± 0.16 mUr (n = 14), respectively. For HUBG2 we obtained −102.0 ± 1.3 mUr (n = 32) and +1.60 ± 0.12 mUr (n = 16). Furthermore, the values obtained by GC/IRMS were in good agreement with the HTC‐ and EA‐IRMS values. Conclusions We suggest that both methyl sulfates are suitable reference materials for normalisation of isotope measurements of carbon of plant methoxy groups to isotope–δ scales and for inter‐laboratory calibration. For stable hydrogen isotope measurements, we suggest that in addition to HUBG1 and HUBG2 additional reference materials are required to cover the full range of plant methoxy groups reported so far.

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Methyl chloride emissions from halophyte leaf litter: Dependence on temperature and chloride content

Cited by 30 publications

References 35 publications

Contribution of microbial activity to formation of organically bound chlorine during batch incubation of forest soil using 37Cl as a tracer

Contribution of microbial activity to formation of organically bound chlorine during batch incubation of forest soil using 37Cl as a tracer

Emission of volatile halogenated organic compounds over various Dead Sea landscapes

Methyl sulfates as methoxy isotopic reference materials for δ¹³C and δ²H measurements

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Methyl chloride emissions from halophyte leaf litter: Dependence on temperature and chloride content

Cited by 30 publications

References 35 publications

Contribution of microbial activity to formation of organically bound chlorine during batch incubation of forest soil using 37Cl as a tracer

Contribution of microbial activity to formation of organically bound chlorine during batch incubation of forest soil using 37Cl as a tracer

Emission of volatile halogenated organic compounds over various Dead Sea landscapes

Methyl sulfates as methoxy isotopic reference materials for δ13C and δ2H measurements

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Methyl sulfates as methoxy isotopic reference materials for δ¹³C and δ²H measurements