Methods to assess the Effects of Chemicals on Ecosystems.

Landscape ecological risk assessment in Qinling Mountain

“…Quantitative evaluation of ecological risk assessment was initially established on the concept of ecological risk. Research methods in ecological risk assessment include object-oriented integrated dynamic landscape analysis and modelling systems (OO-IDLAMS) (Sydelko, Hlohowskyj, Majerus, Christiansen, & Dolph, 2001), the Blither ecological risk assessment mode, (Linthurst, 1995), Hierarchical Patch Dynamic Paradigm (HPDP) (Echeverría, Newton, Nahuelhual, Coomes, & Rey-Benayas, 2012;Landis, 2003;Zimmermann, Tasser, Leitinger, & Tappeiner, 2010), Procedure for Ecological Tiered Assessment of Risks (PETAR) (Colnar & Landis, 2007;Moraes & Molander, 2004), Relative Risk Mode (RRM) (Environment Waikato, 2007;Landis & Kelly, 2005;Landis & Wiegers, 2007), and so on. Evaluation methods based on risk source collection and landscape patterns are commonly used.…”