Methods to assess free radicals and oxidative stress in biological systems

Abstract

Oxidative stress results from a disruption of the prooxidant/antioxidant cellular balance and monitoring free radical status becomes an interesting challenge in animal and human nutrition. In the present work, merits and limitations of different analytical techniques (HPLC, GC-MS, fluorometric and colourometric assays, ELISA, gel electrophoresis) for the measurement of radical mediated alterations in the cellular integrity of lipids (malondialdehyde, hydrocarbon gases, F2-isoprostanes) proteins (protein carbonyls, 3-nitrotyrosine) and DNA (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine) are discussed. Besides these indirect methods, owing to the fact that free radicals are paramagnetic, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy combined with spin trapping has become a valuable tool to directly assess and to better understand the mechanisms of free radical reactions. With this approach a radical that is too short-lived to be detected, adds to a spin-trapping agent to form a relatively long-lived radical adduct. Information obtained from the hyperfine splitting of the spin-trapped adduct can provide identification and quantification of the originally generated free radicals.

Reserpine Inhibit the JB6 P+ Cell Transformation Through Epigenetic Reactivation of Nrf2-Mediated Anti-oxidative Stress Pathway

“…UVR (between 200 and 400 nm) increases free radical production in human skin, causing DNA damage in skin cells and resulting in skin cancer (8)(9)(10)(11)(12). Free radicals produce oxidative stress, an important factor associated with many diseases and aging (13). Oxidative stress and inflammation are closely related, and once one process occurs in the body, the other will generally follow.…”

Stres Oksidatif Dan Status Antioksidan Pada Latihan Fisik

“…Radikal bebas adalah suatu gugus molekul atom atau ion yang mempunyai satu elektron yang tidak berpasangan. Radikal bebas merupakan molekul yang tidak stabil dan sangat reaktif yang memiliki kecenderungan untuk menangkap elektron dari molekul lain (oksidasi) (Rimbach et al, 1999). Beberapa radikal bebas dalam tubuh merupakan derivat nitrogen yang disebut reactive nitrogen species (RNS) dan derivat oksigen yang disebut reactive oxygen species (ROS).…”

Minimizing Postprandial Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetes: The Role of Exercise and Selected Nutrients

“…By measuring these oxidative stress biomarkers, the degree of RONS generation and antioxidant capacity can be inferred, although specific information related to the type and extent of RONS remains unknown. Due to the vast growth in this area of study, a variety of analysis procedures have been used to measure oxidative stress biomarkers (Rimbach et al, 1999), ranging from spectrophotometric assays to procedures using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with electrochemical or chemiluminescence detection. Several commercially available assay kits are now available, while some companies offer oxidative stress related reagents and assay kits exclusively-while also providing analytical services for these procedures.…”