Methods to aggregate turbine and network impedance for wind farm resonance analysis

Wang, Haijiao; Buchhagen, Christoph; Sun, Jian

doi:10.1049/iet-rpg.2019.0339

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Moreover, [145] showed that the outer control loop and PLL are two main factors producing asymmetry in the impedance modeling. The impedance modeling of the DFIG system taking the sequence coupling into consideration is discussed in [144,146]. Reference [147] has discussed the frequency coupling effect on the SSR and HFR in the DFIG system.…”

Section: Impedance-based Model Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent development and future trends of resonance in doubly fed induction generator system under weak grid

Din

Zhang

Zheng

et al. 2022

IET Renewable Power Gen

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In recent years, the wind energy conversion system faces significant challenges for stable and secure operations, especially in the weak grid due to high penetration of wind energy into the grid. Doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is one of the most popular wind turbine generators due to its cost‐effective variable speed and low‐cost partial size power converter. Impedance interaction between series or parallel compensated weak grid and the DFIG system causes sub‐synchronous resonance (SSR) and high‐frequency resonance (HFR). A comprehensive review of the state‐of‐the‐art SSR and HFR in the DFIG system under a weak grid is presented. First, based on features, such as supplementary hardware, linear and non‐linear control strategies, the resonance damping techniques are classified into different types. Then, the advantages and disadvantages of SSR analysis and damping techniques techniques are put forward. Moreover, the latest development of state‐of‐the‐art SSR and HFR analysis and damping techniques are supplemented. Finally, the contemporary and future trends of the SSR and HFR techniques are discussed.

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Section: Impedance-based Model Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent development and future trends of resonance in doubly fed induction generator system under weak grid

Din

Zhang

Zheng

et al. 2022

IET Renewable Power Gen

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“…Since this additional impedance depends on the location of the turbine, it has to be modeled differently for each turbine. A systematic method to develop an aggregated farm model that takes into account these factors was introduced in [29]. For easy reference, the method is summarized here using the notations introduced in this work.…”

Section: B Farm Impedance Modeling By Aggregationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the case study in [29] demonstrated, coupling through the grid and collection network impedance is important to consider in farm-grid system stability analysis when the grid is weak and/or the concern is low-frequency instability caused by PLL and dc bus voltage control. The general method to develop an aggregated farm model for this purpose presented here can also be applied to PV and other systems that involve multiple converters operating in close proximity.…”

Section: B Farm Impedance Modeling By Aggregationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Port Characterization and Transfer Immittances of AC-DC Converters–Part II: Applications

Sun

2021

IEEE Open J. Power Electron.

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This two-part paper presents a general method to model three-phase ac-dc converters as two-port networks for power system stability studies. Part I of the work has developed the two-port network models and identified two types of transfer characteristics that are unique to ac-dc converters and important for system stability. Part II presents the applications of the developed models in stability analysis of different power systems that use ac-dc converters, including grid integration of converterbased generation from wind, PV and other renewable sources, grid-connected dc microgrids and dc distributed power systems, high-voltage dc transmission, as well as hybrid ac-dc power systems. While impedance-based stability analysis has been studied for each of these systems, the new two-port models, especially the transfer immittance models, make it possible and easy to formulate more complete system models to include dynamics and coupling effects that have been ignored or impossible to consider in the past. The methods to study the stability of each type of systems are explained and illustrated by case studies that also highlight the effects of coupling modeled by the transfer immittances on system stability. Each case study also exemplifies a practical stability concern in converter-based power systems.

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“…Ref. [17] generalized (54) in a matrix form for modeling of wind and PV farms to include the effects of the impedance of both the distribution network inside the farm and the transmission line connecting to the farm. Since the characteristics of the aggregated farm impedance are similar to that of individual turbines, we will use the simpler model (54) in the following by considering a single turbine and scaling up the grid impedance to represent the condition for a wind farm.…”

Section: B Turbine-grid System Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Application of Type-III Turbine Impedance Models Including DC Bus Dynamics

Sun

Vieto

2020

IEEE Open J. Power Electron.

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Several small-signal impedance models have been reported for type-III wind turbines for use in impedance-based system stability studies. Common to these models is the assumption that the dc bus between the rotor-and stator-side converters is an ideal voltage source. Under this assumption, there is no dynamic coupling between the two converters and the turbine can be represented by the impedance of the stator-side converter in parallel with the impedance of the induction generator with the rotor-side converter behind it. The assumption is well justified above the second harmonic frequency but introduces considerable error at lower frequencies, especially within 20-30 Hz of the fundamental frequency in which dc bus voltage control is active and dc bus capacitor impedance is high. This paper presents the development and application of full-order sequence impedance models for type-III turbines that include dc bus dynamics. The new models also consider the coupled current responses created by each of the converters as well as their coupling across the dc bus. Inclusion of these additional dynamics leads to more accurate prediction of turbine impedance responses and turbine-grid system stability. A comparison with existing models is presented to show the utility and limitation of each model. A practical resonance problem is also presented to demonstrate the application.

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Methods to aggregate turbine and network impedance for wind farm resonance analysis

Cited by 21 publications

References 13 publications

Recent development and future trends of resonance in doubly fed induction generator system under weak grid

Recent development and future trends of resonance in doubly fed induction generator system under weak grid

Two-Port Characterization and Transfer Immittances of AC-DC Converters–Part II: Applications

Development and Application of Type-III Turbine Impedance Models Including DC Bus Dynamics

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