Methods of Skeletal Age Estimation used by Forensic Anthropologists in Adults: A Review

Priya, Ekta

doi:10.15406/frcij.2017.04.00104

Cited by 29 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Age at death was estimated using skull sutures, pubic symphysis, and auricular surface metamorphosis characteristics (Buikstra & Ubelaker, 1994); all possible age indicators were utilised for each skeleton. In cases of a strong disagreement between methods, the auricular surface metamorphosis was chosen here as an accurate and reliable method for age estimation (Meindl & Lovejoy, 1989;Priya, 2017). Several studies demonstrated that juvenile individuals and adults over 50 years old may reflect a misrepresentative manifestation of muscular development (Al-Oumaoui et al, 2004;Kennedy, 1998;Niinimäki, 2011;Niinimäki & Sotos, 2013;Robb, 1998;Wilczak, 1998a;Zumwalt, 2006).…”

Section: Determination Of Sex and Agementioning

confidence: 99%

Entheseal changes in ancient Egyptians from the pyramid builders of Giza—Old Kingdom

Refai

2019

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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Entheseal changes are distinct skeletal markings that occur where a muscle, tendon, or ligament inserts into bone cortex, in response to many factors including physical activity. Therefore, entheseal changes have been frequently used to reconstruct habitual life activities of ancient populations. The present study examines a sample of 195 ancient Egyptians from Giza—Old Kingdom (2700–2190 BC), the period of pyramid builders. The material consists of two burials that were identified as belonging to individuals of different socio‐economic classes: workers and high officials. This distinction between the socio‐economic classes is based on evidence including location and design of cemeteries, contents of goods, and writings and drawings on tombs. Entheseal changes at 14 sites, representing the main articulations of the body, were examined to assess any association between entheseal expression and physical activities. The results of this study suggest that the frequency and severity of entheseal changes varied between workers and high officials, and between males and females. As expected, males exhibited higher levels of entheseal expression, suggesting sexual dimorphism in activity. No clear bilateral asymmetry was observed, except for in female high officials, who exhibited higher levels of entheseal expression at the right hand. A direct comparison of frequencies of entheseal changes between the two social classes, by sex and age, revealed that male and female workers had higher levels of entheseal expression than high officials, suggesting a division in labour. Together, these data suggest that entheseal changes can be used, cautiously, to study activity patterns in ancient Egyptian populations.

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Section: Determination Of Sex and Agementioning

confidence: 99%

Entheseal changes in ancient Egyptians from the pyramid builders of Giza—Old Kingdom

Refai

2019

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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“…The value of teeth in assessing individual age is widely accepted in forensic sciences and numerous areas of human life, such as socioeconomic, legal aspects, and dental treatment planning (Koshy and Tandon 1998;Franco et al 2013). Several studies have been performed on the estimation of human biological age (Cameriere et al 2004); most of those are focused on skeletal markers (Priya 2017) such as epiphyseal and cranial suture fusions (Ebeye et al 2016), hand-wrist bones (Benjavongkulchai and Pittayapat 2018), sternoclavicular bones (Ufuk et al 2016), and dental maturation (Manjunatha and Soni 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The applicability of Willems dental age estimation method for Indonesian children population in Surabaya

Kurniawan

Agitha

Margaretha

et al. 2020

Egypt J Forensic Sci

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Background: The applicability of dental age estimation has been expanded to meet a variety of medico-legal needs, law enforcement, and disaster victim identification. The objective of this study is to examine the applicability of the Willems method for Indonesian children. Material and method: A total of 110 panoramic radiographs of the patients (6-14 years old) who met the inclusion criteria were obtained from the Department of Forensic Odontology and Department of Radiology, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia. Estimated dental age (EDA) was assessed using the Willems method by two blinded examiners. The statistical analysis was carried out using IBM® SPSS® Statistics version 23.0 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). Results and discussion: The mean of the chronological age (CA) in this study is 11.30 ± 1.43 years (boys) and 11.65 ± 1.55 years (girls). The overall mean difference between CA and EDA for boys and girls is − 0.08 ± 0.76 and − 0.31 ± 0.97, respectively. This study showed that the mean age difference in girls was more significant than in boys. The growth spurt timing between boys and girls might cause a difference in dental maturation, whereas the onset of the pubertal growth spurt in girls is about 2 years earlier than in boys. In general, girls start and finish their dental development earlier than boys end. Conclusion: The present study suggests that the dental age estimation methods proposed by Willems can be considered as an applicable method for the children population in Surabaya, both boys and girls. However, a detailed study may be required while applying this approach to the 11-14-year-old girl population in Surabaya, as a substantial underestimation was observed in this community.

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“…Örneğin, yaş tahmini için kullanılan kemik özellikleri, olgunlaşma süresi ve çevresel faktörlerden etkilenebilir. Bu nedenle, uzamış bir olgunlaşma süresi ve oldukça değişken çevresel faktörlerin bir spektrumu, biyolojik asimetri için daha fazla olasılık sağlayarak iskelet kalıntılarından yapılan yaş tahminlerinin yanlış yorumlanmasına neden olabilir (Priya, 2017). Bu çalışmalardan biri Stoyanova ve arkadaşlarının (2019), 88 modern Amerikalı erkek bireye ait 3B lazer tarama yöntemi ile görüntüledikleri pubik simfizisde asimetri varlığı ve yaş tahminine etkisi hakkında yaptıkları araştırmadır.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Evaluation of Bilateral Asymmetry in Metric Measurements on Tibiae

Gülhan

2020

Antropoloji

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Creating a biological profile is an important parameter in the identification of skeletal remains in both bioarchaeology and forensic anthropology. In addition, the reliability of the preferred techniques when determining the biological profile affects the accuracy of the results. Bilateral asymmetry is defined as the difference between the measurements of the right and left sides of the human body, and directional asymmetry can be observed in the dimensions of the upper and lower extremities in response to mechanical regression and deformation during bone growth. Especially in forensic anthropological case studies, bilateral variations that can be found in bones while creating a biological profile from skeletal material can cause erroneous predictions. For this reason, if the presence of bilateral asymmetry between these bones is not considered while applying these methods into research, the results may cause erroneous results especially in medico-legal researches. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the level of bilateral asymmetry before using this bone in methods to create biological profiles due to potential differences between the right and left sides. The aim of this study is to investigate the presence of bilateral asymmetry in the tibia and to examine the differences between the sex. Therefore, tibia images obtained from computerized tomography scans of 32 adult individuals without bone pathology were used in the study. Four metric measurements were taken manually from 3D tibia images processed using the Volume Rendering mode in OsiriX software. According to the statistical results related to bilateral asymmetry, it was observed that most of the tibia measurements taken from the Turkish population showed tendency to the left, but there was no statistically significant difference between the two sides in both sexes. Moreover, apart from the absolute asymmetry percentage value of MTL, there was no significant sex difference for both% AA and % DA values.

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Methods of Skeletal Age Estimation used by Forensic Anthropologists in Adults: A Review

Cited by 29 publications

References 33 publications

Entheseal changes in ancient Egyptians from the pyramid builders of Giza—Old Kingdom

Entheseal changes in ancient Egyptians from the pyramid builders of Giza—Old Kingdom

The applicability of Willems dental age estimation method for Indonesian children population in Surabaya

Evaluation of Bilateral Asymmetry in Metric Measurements on Tibiae

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