Methods of Representing Emission, Excitation, and Photoconductivity Spectra

Counting the Photons: Determining the Absolute Storage Capacity of Persistent Phosphors

“…The luminous efficacy and the average photon energy can then be determined using Equations (2) and (3), in combination with the known eye sensitivity curve $V\left(\lambda \right)$ [23]: $\eta =\frac{\int {\varphi }_e\left(\lambda \right)V\left(\lambda \right)\mathrm{normald}\lambda }{\int {\varphi }_e\left(\lambda \right)\mathrm{normald}\lambda }$ ${\stackrel{false¯}{E}}_{\gamma }=\frac{\int {\varphi }_{\gamma }\left(E\right)E\mathrm{normald}E}{\int {\varphi }_{\gamma }\left(E\right)\mathrm{normald}E}$ where ${\varphi }_e\left(\lambda \right)$ is the spectral radiant flux, which is related to the photon flux by ${\varphi }_e\left(\lambda \right)$d$\lambda ={\varphi }_{\gamma }\left(\lambda \right)\frac{hc}{\lambda }$d$\lambda$. Care should be taken when converting a flux per wavelength interval into a flux per energy interval, as the relation in Equation (4) holds [44]: $\frac{\mathrm{normald}\varphi \left(E\right)}{\mathrm{normald}E}\sim {\lambda }^2\frac{\mathrm{normald}\varphi \left(\lambda \right)}{\mathrm{normald}\lambda }$…”

Absolute spectrofluorometry

“…and Eq(ii) for quinine in 1 N H2 S04 are plotted on the same graph. The relation between the various units for emission spectra can be shown from the work of Ejder [9] to be:…”

Upconversion luminescence in sub-10 nm β-NaGdF4:Yb3+,Er3+ nanoparticles: an improved synthesis in anhydrous ionic liquids

“…All spectra were measured at room temperature and corrected for the spectral response of the detection system by calibration with a tungsten lamp. 50 Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses were accomplished on a G2 Spirit BioTWIN TEM (Tecnai) using a LaB 6 120 kV electron beam. Images were recorded by an SIS Veleta side-mounted CCD camera (Olympus) with 4 megapixels at 30 000-fold magnication (pictures with 500 nm scale), 100 000-fold magnication (picture with 200 nm scale), and 300 000-fold magnication (pictures with 50 nm scale).…”