Methods of measuring wear-corrosion synergism

Watson, Simon; Friedersdorf, F.J.; Madsen, B. W.; Cramer, Stephen D.

doi:10.1016/0043-1648(95)90161-2

Cited by 124 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The purpose of conducting wear tests at cathodic potentials is to determine the pure mechanical wear component of the test specimens [7,36,37]. The selection of a cathodic potential for the test is rather arbitrary in the literature although some investigators have suggested that hydrogen charging should be considered because this can cause hydrogen embrittlement [13,38].…”

Section: Effect Of Cathodic Potentials On Friction and Tmlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribocorrosion Behavior of Duplex S/Cr(N) and S/Cr(C) Coatings on CoCrMo Alloy in 0.89 % NaCl Solution

Sun

Dearnley

2014

J Bio Tribo Corros

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In the present study, magnetron sputtering was used to deposit two types of duplex coatings, S/Cr(N) and S/Cr(C), onto ASTM F75 CoCrMo cast alloy, aiming at improving the tribocorrosion behavior of the medical alloy. The duplex coatings were fabricated and structured such that the inner layer comprised carbon S phase with a CoCrMo matrix by sputtering a CoCrMo alloy target in the presence of carbon containing atmosphere. The duplex coatings were found to be elastically compatible with the CoCrMo alloy, and possess higher hardness and a larger hardness-to-modulus ratio than the uncoated alloy. Tribocorrosion tests were conducted in 0.89 % NaCl solution at 37°C under elastic contact and unidirectional sliding conditions. The results showed that the duplex S/Cr(N) coating was very effective in improving the tribocorrosion behavior of the alloy at all applied potentials, in terms of reduced friction and much improved resistance to total material loss (TML) by up to more than one order of magnitude. On the other hand, the duplex S/Cr(C) coating was effective only at open circuit and anodic potentials (APs), but not at cathodic potentials. The uncoated alloy exhibited low friction and low TML at a large cathodic potential and experienced peculiar frictional behavior at the tested AP. The results are discussed in terms of material transfer, hydrogen charging, third body effects, and synergism between wear and corrosion.

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Section: Effect Of Cathodic Potentials On Friction and Tmlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribocorrosion Behavior of Duplex S/Cr(N) and S/Cr(C) Coatings on CoCrMo Alloy in 0.89 % NaCl Solution

Sun

Dearnley

2014

J Bio Tribo Corros

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“…4,5 Synergism was not well quantified or clearly understood in the past because of the lack of detailed knowledge of the separate kinetics of pure erosion and pure corrosion. 6 There are very few studies in which synergism was quantified; [6][7][8][9][10] however, most of the work was carried out using jet impingement apparatus or rotating cylinder electrode systems in which the flow patterns or hydrodynamics are very different from reality 11 making it difficult to transfer the results to large scale pipeline systems. Very little work was done using more realistic systems such as flow loops.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Erosion–corrosion and synergistic effects in disturbed liquid-particle flow

Malka

Nešić

Gulino

2007

Wear

123

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The present study has been conducted to investigate the interaction between corrosion and erosion processes and to quantify the synergism in realistic flow environments, including sudden pipe constrictions, sudden pipe expansions, and protrusions. Tests were conducted on AISI 1018 carbon steel using 1% wt sodium chloride (NaCl) solution purged with CO 2 as the corrosive media and silica sand as the erodent.The experiments were designed to understand whether erosion enhances corrosion or corrosion enhances erosion and to evaluate the contribution of the individual processes to the net synergism. It was observed that erosion enhances corrosion and corrosion enhances erosion, with each contributing to significant synergism; however, the dominant process was the effect of corrosion on erosion.

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“…The role of wear versus electrochemical processes in many settings is difficult to compartmentalize due to their coupled and non-linear relationship [76]. Each has a synergistic effect on the other whereby wear accelerates corrosion, and corrosion causes structural changes that increases wear (i.e.…”

Section: Mechanically Assisted Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Vivo Corrosion and Fretting of Modular TI-6AL-4V/CO-CR-MO Hip Prostheses: The Influence of Microstructure and Design Parameters

González¹,

Luís²

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of corrosion and fretting in 48 retrieved titanium-6aluminum-4vanadium and/or cobalt-chromium-molybdenum modular total hip prosthesis with respect to alloy material microstructure and design parameters. The results revealed vastly different performance results for the wide array of microstructures examined. Severe corrosion/fretting was seen in 100% of as-cast, 24% of low carbon wrought, 9% of high carbon wrought and 5% of solution heat treated cobaltchrome. Severe corrosion/fretting was observed in 60% of Ti-6Al-4V components.Design features which allow for fluid entry and stagnation, amplification of contact pressure and/or increased micromotion were also shown to play a role. 75% of prosthesis with high femoral head-trunnion offset exhibited poor performance compared to 15% with a low offset. Large femoral heads (>32mm) did not exhibit poor corrosion or fretting. Implantation time was not sufficient to cause poor performance; 54% of prosthesis with greater than 10 years in-vivo demonstrated none or mild corrosion/fretting. v Effect of heat treatments on Ti-6Al-4V microstructure. Effect of heat treatments on Ti-6Al-4V mechanical propertiesFracture toughness values for equiaxed and highly transformed microstructuresTi-6Al-4V ASTM mechanical and compositional requirements Summary of modular total hip prosthesis retrieval studies during the past 25 years. As-received prostheses catalogingGeneral prostheses feature cataloging Macroscopic Examination. Overall implant examination, i.e. non-surface specific. Porous Surface Coating TypesFemoral head and femoral stem dimensional variables Modular junction dimensional variablesCorrosion and Fretting Scoring Criteria Worst fretting or corrosion score distribution by moment arm length.Worst fretting/corrosion score distribution for either head or trunnion by implantation time in-vivo. Cobalt-Carbon phase diagram illustrating the lever rule principle that dictates the fraction AB/AC of the constituent phases which will be liquid at the sintering temperature AC. i.e. an increase in carbon content will decrease the temperature required for adhering porous coatings.Porous coated as-cast cobalt-chrome stem Effect of Cooling Rates and Highest Temperature on Ti-6Al-4V Microstructure Finite element analysis predicting greater wear at the trunnion surface as femoral head is increased from 32mm to 56mm.Material, contact conditions and environmental variables governing potential for fretting wear.Pitting corrosion phenomena and associated reactions and surface features. Ion channeling contrast enhanced image of taper subsurface at 6,000X magnification, revealing differences in morphology near the surface.FIB trench subsurface regions selected for energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis.Cobalt, chromium, and molybdenum elemental weight percent at different depths as determined by EDS.(Left to right) 1. FIB sample pull out of as-cast carbide in matrix. 2. Areas from which EDS and TEM diffraction patterns were taken. 3. TEM im...

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Methods of measuring wear-corrosion synergism

Cited by 124 publications

References 9 publications

Tribocorrosion Behavior of Duplex S/Cr(N) and S/Cr(C) Coatings on CoCrMo Alloy in 0.89 % NaCl Solution

Tribocorrosion Behavior of Duplex S/Cr(N) and S/Cr(C) Coatings on CoCrMo Alloy in 0.89 % NaCl Solution

Erosion–corrosion and synergistic effects in disturbed liquid-particle flow

In-Vivo Corrosion and Fretting of Modular TI-6AL-4V/CO-CR-MO Hip Prostheses: The Influence of Microstructure and Design Parameters

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