Methods of inoculating Acer spp., Populus tremuloides, and Fagus grandifolia logs for commercial spalting applications

Robinson, Seri C.; Tudor, Daniela; Hipson, Sara; Snider, Hilary; Ng, S. C.; Korshikov, Elena; Cooper, Paul A.

doi:10.1007/s10086-013-1335-5

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Recent investigations into the induced spalting of wood, whether to achieve zone lines or pigmentation, has relied entirely on live fungal culture inoculations. In these methods, either small pieces of sterilized wood [11] or larger pieces of freshly cut wood [12] are inoculated with actively growing malt agar cultures of a select group of fungi, incubated under controlled heat and humidity conditions, then dried, and tested after an average cycle of 12 weeks to determine if internal spalting has occurred. Although the 12-week standard time period is substantially shorter and more controllable than simply leaving freshly cut wood on the forest floor to spalt naturally, it is still too long of a time frame to make induced spalting economically viable for commercialization on a large scale.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilizing Extracted Fungal Pigments for Wood Spalting: A Comparison of Induced Fungal Pigmentation to Fungal Dyeing

Robinson

Weber

Hinsch

et al. 2014

Journal of Coatings

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The lengthy time periods required by current spalting methods prohibit the economically viable commercialization of spalted wood on a large scale. This work aimed to compare the effects of induced spalting in 16 Pacific Northwest woods using three common spalting fungi,Chlorociboria aeruginosa, Scytalidium cuboideum, andScytalidium ganodermophthorum, with the significantly less time-consuming treatment of these woods using dichloromethane-extracted green, red, and yellow pigments from the same fungi. For pigment extracts, the dosage required for a pigment to internally color various wood species to 30% internal coverage was investigated. With few exceptions, treatment with pigment extracts outperformed induced spalting in terms of percent internal color coverage. Cottonwood consistently performed best with all three pigment solutions, although chinkapin performed as well as cottonwood with the red pigment, and Port Orford cedar performed as well with the yellow pigment. While no wood species showed 30% internal color coverage with the green pigment solution, a number of additional species, including pacific silver fir, madrone, dogwood, and mountain hemlock showed internal color coverage on the order of 20–30% for red and/or yellow. Cottonwood was determined to be the best suited wood species for this type of spalting application.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilizing Extracted Fungal Pigments for Wood Spalting: A Comparison of Induced Fungal Pigmentation to Fungal Dyeing

Robinson

Weber

Hinsch

et al. 2014

Journal of Coatings

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“…Bright blue-green pigmentation arises due to xylindein produced by Chlorociboria genus on poplar wood. Yellow stain is produced by quinones of Scytalidium ganodermophthorum (Mai et al, 2004;Robinson, 2012;Robinson et al, 2013a;Robinson et al, 2013b;Vega Gutierrez et al, 2016). Furthermore, wood can be inoculated with a mixture of fungi or inoculated more than once with different fungi (Robinson et al, 2013b).…”

Section: Spalting 42 Spaltingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spalting can be adopted at the industrial level (Robinson et al, 2011a). It was tested by Robinson et al (2013a), who discovered that specifi c combinations of Scytalidium cuboideum, Xylaria polymorpha and Trametes versicolor produce the best zone lines. In order to achieve spalting fungi must be able to penetrate into the wood and grow inside it (Robinson et al, 2012;Vega Gutierrez et al, 2016).…”

Section: Spalting 42 Spaltingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-based Methods with Potentials for Application in Wooden Furniture Industry

Hrovatin

2020

Drv. ind. (Online)

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Furniture market is shifting towards green and innovative products. The use of bio-based methods in wooden furniture industry presents a big potential for the development of materials with new characteristics, of unique furniture items, and can reduce the environmental impact. Bio-based methods can be used for wood protection and decoration, fibre board production, and development of new wooden materials, such as wood hybrids and functionalised wood. The bio-based methods, investigated for their potentials in wood industry, include the use of living organisms, natural products, and biomimicry. Despite ongoing developments there are still major drawbacks associated with many of these technologies: unreliability and inadequate efficiency of the methods, inadequate mechanical properties or dimensional stability of the final products, and high costs. Thus, further developments are needed. In this review, we present the existing and arising bio-based methods with potential in wooden furniture production. Furthermore, we shortly present their marketing potential.

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“…Two strains of Scytalidium cuboideum capable of producing red stain in culture were inoculated onto sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh), incubated for 6-14 weeks, and evaluated for their ability to produce a high-saturation penetrating stain [34]. In addition, sugar maple, Norway maple, and aspen logs were incubated in a temperature and humidity-controlled chamber for 12 weeks to show laboratory level spalting and had achievable and highly predictable results [35]. Beech and sugar maple blocks placed within a modified decay jar system to promote fungal pigments production were incubated for 10 weeks [36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Action Difference of Lasiodiplodia theobromae on Infecting and Dyeing Poplar Wood in Spatial Growth

Liu

Gao

et al. 2021

Coatings

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Many factors affect the driving force of fungal growth and secretion. To compare the differences of Lasiodiplodia theobromae infected poplar wood, the changes of physical and chemical properties of vertically and horizontally infected poplar wood before and after dyeing were analyzed, and the infection characteristics were studied in this paper. The horizontal infection was more effective than the vertical infection in terms of infection depth, color depth, and microscopic hyphal invasion. The mycelium first intruded into the earlywood tissue and began to secrete a large amount of pigment after twenty days. The crystallinity of mycelium decreased slightly, and the difference in weight loss rate was negligible. The initial contact angle of the dyed specimen on the horizontal infection increased drastically in distilled water, but there was almost no difference between varnish and natural coating. The horizontal infection was more efficient than the vertical infection and had a higher color depth and a better induction effect, which is crucial in future microbial dyeing.

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Methods of inoculating Acer spp., Populus tremuloides, and Fagus grandifolia logs for commercial spalting applications

Cited by 12 publications

References 18 publications

Utilizing Extracted Fungal Pigments for Wood Spalting: A Comparison of Induced Fungal Pigmentation to Fungal Dyeing

Utilizing Extracted Fungal Pigments for Wood Spalting: A Comparison of Induced Fungal Pigmentation to Fungal Dyeing

Bio-based Methods with Potentials for Application in Wooden Furniture Industry

The Action Difference of Lasiodiplodia theobromae on Infecting and Dyeing Poplar Wood in Spatial Growth

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