Methods of Gas Phase Capture of Iodine from Fuel Reprocessing Off-Gas: A Literature Survey

Haefner, Daryl R.

doi:10.2172/911962

Cited by 109 publications

(140 citation statements)

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“…Therefore, this adsorption in the ZIF-8 allows I 2 to be isolated, and incorporated into appropriate waste forms. 100 The same group from Sandia National Laboratory further prepared a novel glasscomposite material waste form by mixing and sintering the I 2 -containing MOFs with Bi-Zn-O low-temperature sintering glasses and silver metal flakes. I 2 is sequestered in-situ during the heating process, with no evidence of iodine loss by the formation of AgI.…”

Section: Radioactive Gas Immobilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal‐Organic Frameworks: Harmful Gas Removal

Liu

McGrail

Strachan

et al. 2014

Encyclopedia of Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry

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Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been considered to be novel adsorbents for a variety of applications, because of their high surface areas, large pore volumes, tunable pore geometries, and versatile chemical compositions. Besides their applications in energy gas storage, such as H 2 and CH 4 , harmful gas removal has become an important potential area for MOFs applications. This chapter reviews recent research related to four different types of harmful gas adsorption in MOFs, including greenhouse gases such as CO 2 , inorganic toxic gases such as SO x , NO x , and NH 3 ; volatile organic compounds such as benzene and formaldehyde; and radioactive gases such as Xe, Kr, and I 2 . This information is organized in a way that will attempt to introduce this attractive research area to a broad audience, as well as to reveal some trends and significant discoveries to the researchers who are interested in this area. Obviously, removing harmful gases can provide a cleaner and safer living environment to human beings and other creatures. MOFs as novel adsorbents possess advantages, such as high gas adsorption capacities and selectivities, as well as adjustable properties to suit specific needs. However, more fundamental work is still necessary to understand this topic better, and some challenges, such as cost and stability, are in the way of applying MOFs to practical applications.

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Section: Radioactive Gas Immobilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal‐Organic Frameworks: Harmful Gas Removal

Liu

McGrail

Strachan

et al. 2014

Encyclopedia of Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry

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“…Thomas et al (1977) attributed the poor I 2 (g) capture efficiency with metals other than silver to the fact that the metal oxides were thermodynamically more stable than the metal iodides. Also worth noting, under a highly reducing atmosphere, Pb-exchanged zeolites showed promise as a secondary adsorbent following the regeneration of the primary Ag-mordenite (Haefner and Tranter 2007).…”

Section: Search For Alternative Metals For Improved Iodine Affinitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Summary Report on the Volatile Radionuclide and Immobilization Research for FY2011 at PNNL

Strachan¹,

Chun²,

Matyáš³

et al. 2011

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SUMMARYMaterials were developed and tested in support of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy, Fuel Cycle Technology Separations and Waste Forms Campaign. Specifically, materials are being developed for the removal and immobilization of iodine and krypton from gaseous products of nuclear fuel reprocessing unit operations.During FY 2011, aerogel materials were investigated for removal and immobilization of 129 I. Two aerogel formulations were investigated, one based on functionalized silica and the second on chalcogenbased glasses (i.e., chalcogels). A silica aerogel was tested at ORNL for total I 2 sorption capacity. It was determined to have 48 mass% capacity while having little physisorbed I 2 (I 2 not chemically bound within the aerogel). Metal organic framework (MOF) structures were investigated for the removal and storage of Kr and a new MOF with about 8 mass% capacity for Xe and Kr was formulated and tested. The selectivity can be changed from Xe > Kr to Xe < Kr simply by changing the temperature. A patent disclosure has been filed. Lastly, silicon carbide (SiC) was loaded with Kr. The diffusion of Kr in SiC was found to be less than detectable values at temperatures as high as 500°C.

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“…Included among these are: (1) the Mercurex process, which uses a solution of mercury nitrate and 14 M HNO 3 , the (2) Iodox process, which uses hyperazeotropic (20-23 M) nitric acid, and (3) electrolytic scrubbing using 8 to 12 M HNO 3 containing a metal ion oxidant. Organic solvents have also been proposed and include fluorocarbons (R-12) and polymethylsiloxane (Haefner 2007b). …”

Section: Alternative To the Reference Case Unit Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%