Methods of DVT Prophylaxis after Total Knee Arthroplasty

Abstract

Postoperative deep-vein thrombosis (DVT), venous thromboembolism (VTE), and pulmonary embolism are few of the most serious complications following total joint arthroplasty. Identification of risk factors and initiation of prophylactic measures are the most important measures to prevent the occurrence of DVT. Several protocols and guidelines are published for DVT prophylaxis in TKA, leaving the surgeon still perplexed. Pharmacological and mechanical prophylaxis methods are used to reduce the risk of postoperative symptomatic deep-vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. The use of pharmacological methods is based on a fine balance between their efficacy and the adverse effects associated with them. Each of these agents has their own advantages and disadvantages. Several newer agents are getting approved by FDA for the same. Hence, the choice should be carefully made based on the patient characteristics and risk stratification, and the onset of side effects has to be carefully monitored.

Prevalence and Clinical Burden of Venous Thromboembolic Events (VTEs) in Contemporary Total Knee Arthroplasties (TKAs) in US Hospitals

“…The impact of preoperative mobilization status on deep vein thrombosis (DVT) outcomes following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is significant [29][30][31]. Patients who are partially or fully functionally dependent or require active support face challenges with mobility, leading to prolonged periods of immobilization and increased DVT risk post-TKA [29][30][31].…”

“…The impact of preoperative mobilization status on deep vein thrombosis (DVT) outcomes following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is significant [29][30][31]. Patients who are partially or fully functionally dependent or require active support face challenges with mobility, leading to prolonged periods of immobilization and increased DVT risk post-TKA [29][30][31]. Our study revealed that being partially or completely dependent on preoperative mobilization can elevate DVT risk by a factor of 5, emphasizing the need for interventions like physical therapy and early ambulation programs to mitigate this risk among vulnerable TKA patients [32,33].…”