Methods of Determining the Beat Length of Planar Waveguides

Gut, K.

doi:10.12693/aphyspola.124.425

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Therefore, this parameter will be used to describe the broadband interference phenomenon in the next section. Methods for directly measuring and determining differences in the propagation constants Δ β can be found in the literature [42,43]. The relationship between the propagation constant and the effective refractive index is expressed as follows: βi(λ,nc)=2πNi(λ,nc)λ, after substituting in Equation (3) into Equation (6), one can derive the following: sans-serifΔϕ(λ,nc)=sans-serifΔβ(λ,nc)⋅L, where Δ β is the difference in the propagation constants for TE and TM modes: sans-serifΔβ(λ,nc)=βTE(λ,nc)−βTM(λ,nc).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of a Broadband Difference Interferometer Based on Low-Cost Polymer Slab Waveguides

Gut

2019

Nanomaterials

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A model and the waveguide parameters of a broadband, polymer-based slab waveguide difference interferometer is presented in this paper. The parameters were determined based on knowledge of the dispersion in the structure materials used to fabricate the waveguide. The impact of the waveguide layer thickness, propagation path length, and change in the waveguide cover refractive index on the output signal from the system was determined. It has been shown that the direction of the maximum shifting is determined by the thickness of the waveguide layer. A relationship describing the shift in the signal extrema for a change in the waveguide cover refractive index was derived. The results show that the use of a propagation constant simplifies the description of the interferometer. Polymer waveguides, although they have a small contrast in refractive indices, allow for large shifts in the maxima of the signal. The determined shifts in the output signal extrema for polymer waveguides are comparable, and these shifts are larger for some waveguide thicknesses compared to waveguides based on Si3N4.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of a Broadband Difference Interferometer Based on Low-Cost Polymer Slab Waveguides

Gut

2019

Nanomaterials

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“…For instance, rectangular crosssection nanophotonic waveguides are well-known to support both quasi-transverse-electric (TE-like) and quasi-transversemagnetic (TM-like) modes, the number of which depends on the waveguide's width and height (46). Although orthogonality prevents copropagating modes from interfering with each other, the local phase difference between their evanescent tails causes various near-field light-matter interactions (43,(47)(48)(49)(50), including optical forces (10), to be subject to near-field mode-beating phenomena. When two co-propagating guided modes are excited, a periodic spatial modulation of the optical force field appears along the waveguide, with a characteristic beat period (43,47,49,50):…”

Section: Experimental Optical Force Modulation Via Near-field Mode Bementioning

confidence: 99%

Optical tweezing using tunable optical lattices along a few-mode silicon waveguide

Jager

Tardif

et al. 2018

Lab Chip

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Fourteen years ago, optical lattices and holographic tweezers were considered as a revolution, allowing for trapping and manipulating multiple particles at the same time using laser light. Since then, near-field optical forces have aroused tremendous interest as they enable efficient trapping of a wide range of objects, from living cells to atoms, in integrated devices. Yet, handling at will multiple objects using a guided light beam remains a challenging task for current on-chip optical trapping techniques. We demonstrate here on-chip optical trapping of dielectric microbeads and bacteria using one-dimensional optical lattices created by near-field mode beating along a few-mode silicon nanophotonic waveguide. This approach allows not only for trapping large numbers of particles in periodic trap arrays with various geometries, but also for manipulating them via diverse transport and repositioning techniques. Near-field mode-beating optical lattices may be readily implemented in lab-on-a-chip devices, addressing numerous scientific fields ranging from bio-analysis to nanoparticle processing.

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“…Previously, a method for determining the beat length of orthogonally polarised modes of the same order (e.g. TE 1 and TM 1 ) was shown [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of multi-mode propagation in silicon nitride slab waveguides

Jennings

McCloskey

Gough

et al. 2016

J. Opt.

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A simple experimental method for determining the number of modes in planar dielectric multi-mode waveguides, and the effective index difference of these modes, is presented. Applying a thin, dye-doped polymer cladding, the fluorescence excited by multiple modes propagating in a silicon nitride slab waveguide is imaged to extract information. Interference between the modes produces a structured intensity profile along the waveguide which is constant in time. The spatial frequencies of this intensity profile are directly linked to the propagation constants of the underlying modes. Through a discrete Fourier transform, the modes’ effective index differences are found and compare well with analytically calculated values. Furthermore, the amplitudes in the Fourier transform are directly related to the power in each mode. Comparing the amplitudes of the Fourier components as a function of propagation distance, an estimate of the propagation losses of the individual modes relative to one another is made. The method discussed could be applied to analysing mode behaviour in integrated photonic devices, most notably in mode-division multiplexing.

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Methods of Determining the Beat Length of Planar Waveguides

Cited by 6 publications

References 23 publications

Study of a Broadband Difference Interferometer Based on Low-Cost Polymer Slab Waveguides

Study of a Broadband Difference Interferometer Based on Low-Cost Polymer Slab Waveguides

Optical tweezing using tunable optical lattices along a few-mode silicon waveguide

Characterisation of multi-mode propagation in silicon nitride slab waveguides

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