Methods of Assessing Bermudagrass [<i>Cynodon dactylon</i>] Responses to HPPD‐Inhibiting Herbicides

Elmore, Matthew T.; Brosnan, James T.; Kopsell, Dean A.; Breeden, Gregory K.

doi:10.2135/cropsci2010.11.0656

Cited by 20 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…Seedhead suppression and bermudagrass injury were assessed visually, because researchers have reported that quantitative methods (e.g., digital image analysis, fluorometry, etc.) offer little advantage over visual assessments for quantifying herbicide responses in turf (Elmore et al 2011;Lewis et al 2010;Yelverton et al 2009). Using the same methods used in the greenhouse studies, bermudagrass injury and turf color also were quantitatively assessed by measuring the relative chlorophyll index (RCI) of each plot with a CM-1000 chlorophyll meter.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common Bermudagrass Seedhead Suppression and Growth Regulation with Fenoxaprop

et al. 2011

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Options for suppressing bermudagrass seedheads in managed turfgrass systems are limited. Experiments were conducted in 2009 and 2010 evaluating the use of fenoxaprop (25, 50, 75, and 100 g ha−1) for ‘Riviera’ bermudagrass seedhead suppression and growth regulation compared to imazapic (52 g ha−1), trinexapac-ethyl (91 g ha−1) and mefluidide (561 g ha−1). In field experiments, seedhead suppression ranged from 77 to 100% for fenoxaprop and imazapic at 35 d after treatment (DAT). Comparatively, seedhead suppression was < 25% for either trinexapac-ethyl or mefluidide at 35 DAT. Seedhead suppression was > 90% from 7 to 35 DAT for fenoxaprop applied at ≥ 50 g ha−1. Injury, determined visually, from fenoxaprop and imazapic in both the field and greenhouse measured < 25% on all rating dates, with no significant injury present after 21 DAT. In greenhouse experiments, fenoxaprop and trinexapac-ethyl showed similar reductions of bermudagrass growth; no differences in aboveground biomass were detected between these treatments at 42 DAT. Results of the current study illustrate that fenoxaprop and imazapic can be applied for bermudagrass seedhead suppression and growth regulation if moderate (< 25%) injury can be tolerated up to 21 DAT. Additional research is needed to evaluate the use of fenoxaprop and imazapic for seedhead suppression on other common and hybrid bermudagrasses.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common Bermudagrass Seedhead Suppression and Growth Regulation with Fenoxaprop

et al. 2011

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“…Possible means of obtaining control, yet maintaining turf quality is immediately incorporating applied products via irrigation. Because metribuzin and topramezone have some or all root absorption, this strategy is hypothesized to provide desired goosegrass control, yet minimizing undesirable turfgrass injury (Abusteit et al, 1985;Elmore et al, 2011). The objectives of the trials were 1) evaluate turfgrass injury following use of POST goosegrass control options; 2) assess if irrigating immediately following the herbicide application reduces injury of 'Tifway 419' bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.…”

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Goosegrass Control and Turfgrass Injury Following Metribuzin and Topramezone Application with Immediate Irrigation

Kerr¹,

McCarty²,

Cutulle³

et al. 2019

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Goosegrass (Eleusine indica L. Gaertn.) is a problematic C4 weedy grass species, occurring in the warmer regions of the world where it is difficult to selectively control without injuring the turfgrass. Furthermore, control efficacy is affected by plant maturity. End-user options for satisfactory goosegrass control has decreased; thus, the need for developing management techniques to improve the selectivity of POST goosegrass control options in turfgrass systems is ever increasing. One possible means of providing control, yet maintaining turf quality is immediately incorporating applied products via irrigation. Greenhouse and field trials were conducted in Pickens County, SC, with the objectives of 1) evaluating turfgrass injury following use of POST goosegrass control options; 2) assessing if irrigating (0.6 cm) immediately following the herbicide application reduces injury of ‘Tifway 419’ bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt-Davy]; and 3) determining if immediate irrigation influences goosegrass control at one- to three-tiller and mature growth stage. Following the application of herbicide treatments, irrigation was applied (+) or not applied (−). Treatments included the following: control (+/− irrigation); topramezone at 12.3 g a.i./ha (+/− irrigation); metribuzin at 420 g a.i./ha (+/− irrigation); and topramezone plus metribuzin (+/− irrigation) at 12.3 and 420 g a.i./ha. Irrigation treatment had minimum effect on greenhouse-grown goosegrass biomass, all treatments provided >85% control of 1- to 3-tiller goosegrass plants. However, control for mature plants was <50% for topramezone- and 60% to 70% for metribuzin-containing treatments. In field studies, at 1 week after treatment (WAT), the irrigated metribuzin and topramezone plus metribuzin had ≈37% and ≈16%, respectively, less goosegrass control vs. nonirrigated treatments. At 2WAT, irrigated metribuzin and irrigated topramezone plus metribuzin–treated plots, had ≈50% less mature goosegrass control vs. nonirrigated treatments. Irrigated herbicide treatments, however, experienced ≈23% less turfgrass injury at this time. At 4 WAT, irrigated metribuzin- and irrigated topramezone plus metribuzin–treated plots experienced reduced mature goosegrass control by ≈65% and ≈59%, respectively. Overall, incorporating POST herbicide applications via 0.6 cm of irrigation reduced turfgrass injury by at least 20% for all herbicide treatments, while maintaining goosegrass control.

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“…Topramezone (Pylex Herbicide 2.8C; BASF Corporation, Research Triangle Park, NC) and mesotrione (Tenacity 4L; Syngenta Professional Products, Greensboro, NC) are 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase inhibitors absorbed through roots and shoots (Brosnan et al, 2014;Elmore et al, 2011a). Simazine (Princep 4L; Syngenta Professional Products, Greensboro, NC) and metribuzin (Sencor 75DF; Bayer Crop Science, Research Triangle Park, NC) are photosynthetic (PSII) inhibitors (Nimbal et al, 1996).…”

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Immediate Irrigation Improves Turfgrass Safety to Postemergence Herbicides

Kerr¹,

McCarty²,

Brown³

et al. 2019

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Summer annual grassy weeds such as goosegrass (Eleusine indica L. Gaertn.) continue to be problematic to control selectively with postemergence (POST) herbicides within turfgrass stands. In recent years, reduced performance by certain herbicides (e.g., foramsulfuron), cancellation of goosegrass-specific herbicides (e.g., diclofop-methyl), and cancellation and/or severe use reductions of other herbicides [e.g., monosodium methanearsonate (MSMA)] have limited the options for satisfactory control and maintenance of an acceptable (≤30% visual turfgrass injury) turfgrass quality. Currently available herbicides (e.g., topramezone and metribuzin) with goosegrass activity typically injure warm-season turfgrass species. The objectives of this research were to evaluate both ‘Tifway 419’ bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. ×Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt-Davy] injury after treatment with POST herbicides, and to determine whether irrigating immediately after application reduces turfgrass injury. Treatments were control (± irrigation); topramezone (Pylex 2.8C; ± irrigation); carfentrazone + 2,4-D + dicamba + 2-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy) propionic acid (MCPP) (Speedzone 2.2L; ± irrigation); carfentrazone + 2,4-D + dicamba + MCPP in combination with topramezone (± irrigation); metribuzin (Sencor 75DF; ± irrigation); mesotrione (Tenacity 4L; ± irrigation); simazine 4L (±irrigation); and mesotrione + simazine (± irrigation). Irrigated treatments were applied immediately with a hand hose precalibrated to apply 0.6 cm or 0.25 inch (≈6.3 L). Visual turfgrass injury for combined herbicide treatments for the irrigated plots was 6% 4 days after treatment (DAT), 12% 1 week after treatment (WAT), 17% 2 WAT, and 6% 4 WAT, whereas nonirrigated plots had turfgrass injury of 14% at 4 DAT, 31% 1 WAT, 35% 2 WAT, and 12% 4 WAT. Irrigated pots had normalized differences vegetative indices (NDVI) ratings of 0.769 at 4 DAT, 0.644 at 1 WAT, 0.612 at 2 WAT, and 0.621 at 4 WAT, whereas nonirrigated plots had the lowest (least green) turfgrass NDVI ratings of 0.734 at 4 DAT, 0.599 at 1 WAT, 0.528 at 2 WAT, and 0.596 at 4 WAT. These experiments suggest turfgrass injury could be alleviated by immediately incorporating herbicides through irrigation.

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Methods of Assessing Bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon] Responses to HPPD‐Inhibiting Herbicides

Cited by 20 publications

References 40 publications

Common Bermudagrass Seedhead Suppression and Growth Regulation with Fenoxaprop

Common Bermudagrass Seedhead Suppression and Growth Regulation with Fenoxaprop

Goosegrass Control and Turfgrass Injury Following Metribuzin and Topramezone Application with Immediate Irrigation

Immediate Irrigation Improves Turfgrass Safety to Postemergence Herbicides

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