Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory-Determination of semivolatile organic compounds in bottom sediment by solvent extraction, gel permeation chromatographic fractionation, and capillary-column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Furlong, Edward T.; Vaught, Deborah G.; Merten, Leslie M.; Foreman, William T.; Gates, Paul M.

doi:10.3133/ofr95719

Cited by 37 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…The analytical procedure and method performance are described in detail by Furlong et al [5]. Briefly, streambed‐sediment samples were extracted with dichloromethane in a Soxhlet apparatus for at least 12 h. The extract was concentrated, and SVOCs were then partially isolated from humic‐type compounds and elemental sulfur by an automated gel permeation chromatography system.…”

Section: Study Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By definition, SVOCs have low to moderate vapor pressures [4]. The SVOCs are operationally defined as solvent‐extractable organic compounds that can be determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry [5]. Many of the SVOCs that were analyzed are priority pollutants, which are compounds that received special attention when the process of setting water‐quality standards and effluent limits were initiated in the 1970s [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence and potential adverse effects of semivolatile organic compounds in streambed sediment, United States, 1992–1995

Lopes

Furlong²

2001

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The occurrence and potential adverse effects of select semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in streambed sediment were assessed at 536 sites in 20 major river basins across the United States from 1992 to 1995. Fifty-six SVOCs were detected at one or more sites, and one or more SVOCs were detected at 71% of sites. The northeastern and Great Lakes regions and large metropolitan areas have the highest SVOC concentrations. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were detected most frequently and at the highest concentrations. Concentrations of PAHs and phthalates were about 10 times higher at sites influenced by urban activities than at sites in other land-use areas. Semivolatile organic compounds were significantly (alpha = 0.05) correlated with land use and population density, and PAHs also correlated with physical/chemical properties. On the basis of sediment-quality guidelines, adverse effects are probable at 7.5% and possible at 16.2% of the sites. Most of the potential for adverse effects is due to PAHs. The median percentage of urban land use was 8% at sites with possible adverse effects and 16% at sites with probable adverse effects. Urbanization profoundly affects sediment quality, even though it comprised a small percentage of most drainage basins.

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Section: Study Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and potential adverse effects of semivolatile organic compounds in streambed sediment, United States, 1992–1995

Lopes

Furlong²

2001

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…Total carbon, organic carbon, inorganic carbon, Aroclors 1242, 1254, and 1260, total PCBs, organochlorine insecticides, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and other potential endocrine-disrupting compounds (e.g., 17b-estradiol) were measured in sediment samples following standard extraction, cleanup, and fractionation techniques (Foreman et al, 1995;Furlong et al, 1996). Some procedures were slightly modified by the USGS NWQL to determine estradiol and cholesterol.…”

Section: Sediment Sampling and Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polychlorinated biphenyls, mercury, and potential endocrine disruption in fish from the Hudson River, New York, USA

et al. 2006

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Tissue residues of total mercury (Hg), total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and lipid-based PCBs; plasma concentrations of endocrine biomarkers; and reproductive and histologic biomarkers were assessed in 460 carp (Cyprinus carpio), bass (Micropterus salmoides and Micropterus dolomieui), and bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) collected from eight sites across the Hudson River Basin in the spring of 1998 to determine if endocrine disruption was evident in resident fish species and to evaluate contaminant-biomarker interrelations. Total PCBs in bed sediments (maximum 2,500 µg kg -1 ) could explain 64 to 90 % of the variability in lipidbased PCB residues in tissues (maximum 1,250 µg PCB g-lipid -1 ) of the four species. The 17b-estradiol to 11-ketotestosterone ratio, typically less than 1.0 in male fish and greater than 1.0 in females, exceeded 1.4 in all male largemouth bass and 35 % of male carp and bullhead at one site 21 km downstream from a major PCB source. Endocrine biomarkers were significantly correlated with total Hg in female smallmouth bass and carp, and with lipid-based PCBs in males of all four species. Empirical evidence of endocrine modulation in blood plasma of male and female fish from sites with and without high PCB residues in bed sediments and fish tissues suggest that PCBs, Hg, or other contaminants may disrupt normal endocrine function in fish of the Hudson River. * Corresponding author phone: +1 518 285 5605;

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“…Samples for analysis of PAHs were chilled and sent to the USGS National Water Quality Laboratory for analysis. The glassfiber filters were extracted and analyzed using a variation of the procedures of Furlong et al (1996). Total PAH as presented here is the sum of 18 parent PAHs and their alkylated homologues.…”

Section: Sample Processing and Analytical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

The contribution of particles washed from rooftops to contaminant loading to urban streams

2003

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Rooftops are both a source of and a pathway for contaminated runoff in urban environments. To investigate the importance of particle-associated contamination in rooftop runoff, particles washed from asphalt shingle and galvanized metal roofs at two distances from a major expressway were analyzed for major and trace elements and PAHs. Concentrations and yields from rooftops were compared between locations and roofing material types to evaluate rooftop sources and their potential contribution to stream loading. Concentrations of zinc, lead, pyrene, and chrysene on a mass per mass basis exceeded established sediment quality guidelines for probable toxicity to benthic biota. Yields of all contaminants investigated were greater from sites nearer to the expressway, although some concentrations were lower. Yields of particle-bound zinc, cadmium, and nickel were significantly greater from metal roofs, and yields of lead were significantly greater from asphalt shingle roofs. RÉSUMÉ Dans les environnements urbains, les toits sont à la fois une source et un chemin pour le ruissellement contaminé. Pour mieux comprendre l'importance de la contamination associée aux particules dans le ruissellement des toits, nous avons analysé les particules provenant de deux sortes de toits, à deux distances d'une autoroute, en termes d' éléments majeurs, mineurs et de HAPs. Les concentrations de zinc, plomb, pyrène et chrysène, associés aux particules, ont excédé les recommandations établiees pour la toxicité probable à la faune benthique. Pour tous les contaminants la masse superficielle spécifique à été plus importante pour les toits plus proches de l'autoroute, même dans les cas où les concentrations ont été moins importantes. La masse superficielle spécifique de zinc, cadmium et nickel associés aux particules, étaient plus importante pour les toits en métal que pour les toits en asbestos shingle, tandis que pour le plomb c'était plutôt l'inverse.

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Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory-Determination of semivolatile organic compounds in bottom sediment by solvent extraction, gel permeation chromatographic fractionation, and capillary-column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Cited by 37 publications

References 6 publications

Occurrence and potential adverse effects of semivolatile organic compounds in streambed sediment, United States, 1992–1995

Occurrence and potential adverse effects of semivolatile organic compounds in streambed sediment, United States, 1992–1995

Polychlorinated biphenyls, mercury, and potential endocrine disruption in fish from the Hudson River, New York, USA

The contribution of particles washed from rooftops to contaminant loading to urban streams

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