Methods for water quality sampling and load estimation in monitoring of Norwegian agricultural catchments

Haraldsen, Trond Knapp; Stålnacke, Per

doi:10.2166/nh.2006.0007

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…At present, water quality research in agricultural catchments focuses on transport of inorganic nitrogen forms from the surface -unsaturated zone -groundwater system to the streams (Thornton & Dise 1998;Haggard et al 2003;Schilling & Zhang 2004;Haraldsen & Stalnacke 2006.). The chemical composition of stream water is a function of the hydrobiogeochemical processes in the basin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation and indirect estimation of nitrate losses from the agricultural microbasin Rybárik

2007

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The long-term trends of mean monthly nitrate concentrations in stream and drainage runoff were evaluated in the experimental microbasin Rybárik (0.119 km 2 ) at the Institute of Hydrology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, during the period 1987-2005. The results of analyses indicate a decreasing trend of nitrate concentration after the year 1989, but with relatively high losses in some years and relatively low losses in other years. This decreasing trend is mainly caused by a decrease in the use of nitrogen fertilizers. The nitrate concentration in surface runoff strongly correlates with runoff and fertilization. Based on measured data, an empirical relation was found describing the dependence of annual nitrate transport in the stream on annual runoff depth and on the annual amount of applied nitrogen fertilizers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation and indirect estimation of nitrate losses from the agricultural microbasin Rybárik

2007

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“…By default, composite water samples are collected for analysis every 14 days, however during periods with high runoff conditions samples can be collected more frequently. Volume proportional water sampling gives very satisfactory results compared to other sampling methods and is recommended in load estimation studies [14][15][16].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticides in Greenhouse Runoff, Soil and Plants: A Screening

Haarstad¹

2012

TOEBMJ

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A research has been undertaken studying pesticide losses from areas with intense agricultural and horticultural productions such as vegetables, cotton, pot plants and flowers, taking grab and composite samples including using passive SPMD samplers in ditches, creeks, rivers and groundwater, in addition to greenhouse and imported products. Pesticides were frequently found, occasionally in high concentrations, both in the products and in the environment. Endosulfan could be detected in the products, in pot soil and in plants, and also in the water samples, even in areas where it has been banned for several decades. Dilute concentrations of endosulfan can be detected by using passive samplers.

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“…However, in dynamic systems such as streams, flow-proportional composite sampling is conceptually a better approach to estimate nutrient fluxes (Abtew and Powell, 2004;Ort et al, 2010). The advantages of flow-proportional composite sampling versus time-proportional composite sampling were compared in a study conducted in three small-sized streams in Norway (Haraldsen and Stålnacke, 2006). The results showed that annual nitrate-N loads were highest when calculated from flow-proportional sampling in two of the streams (0.4-7.2 %) but lower in the third stream (20.4 %) compared to time-proportional sampling.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Time-proportional and Grab Sampling Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of sampling methodologies for nutrient monitoring in streams: uncertainties, costs and implications for mitigation

Audet

Martinsen

Hasler

et al. 2014

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems caused by excess concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus may have harmful consequences for biodiversity and poses a health risk to humans via water supplies. Reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus losses to aquatic ecosystems involves implementation of costly measures, and reliable monitoring methods are therefore essential to select appropriate mitigation strategies and to evaluate their effects. Here, we compare the performances and costs of three methodologies for the monitoring of nutrients in rivers: grab sampling; timeproportional sampling; and passive sampling using flowproportional samplers. Assuming hourly time-proportional sampling to be the best estimate of the "true" nutrient load, our results showed that the risk of obtaining wrong total nutrient load estimates by passive samplers is high despite similar costs as the time-proportional sampling. Our conclusion is that for passive samplers to provide a reliable monitoring alternative, further development is needed. Grab sampling was the cheapest of the three methods and was more precise and accurate than passive sampling. We conclude that although monitoring employing time-proportional sampling is costly, its reliability precludes unnecessarily high implementation expenses.

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Methods for water quality sampling and load estimation in monitoring of Norwegian agricultural catchments

Cited by 16 publications

References 8 publications

Evaluation and indirect estimation of nitrate losses from the agricultural microbasin Rybárik

Evaluation and indirect estimation of nitrate losses from the agricultural microbasin Rybárik

Pesticides in Greenhouse Runoff, Soil and Plants: A Screening

Comparison of sampling methodologies for nutrient monitoring in streams: uncertainties, costs and implications for mitigation

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