Methods for the synthesis of xanthine-derived polycyclic fused systems

Abstract

Xanthines are a widely known group of alkaloids, commonly used as bronchodilators and psycho and cardiac stimulants. Most of their actions are principally connected with either antagonism of adenosine receptors or phosphodiesterase inhibition; nevertheless, other profiles of their biological activity – antiviral, antitumor or anticancer – are also known. Here, we present a review of the main synthetic methods to obtain xanthine-derived heterocyclic fused systems. The five-, six- or seven-membered heterocyclic ring is attached to the purine-2,6-dione core with one or two bridgehead (ring junction) nitrogen atoms. The biological activity profile of the individual heterocyclic systems is mentioned.

Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Xanthines: A Short Review

“…Xanthine scaffold has fascinated the attention of researchers in health sciences due to its remarkable properties either chemical or physical [ 3 ]. Over the last two decades, the compound and its derivatives have gained considerable interest [ 4 ]. The xanthine scaffold can also act as a basic framework for numerous pharmacologically active scaffolds [ 5 ].…”

7-Substituted pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines for the synthesis of new 1-deazapyrimido[1,2,3-cd]purines

“…Condensed pyrimidine compounds are thus of high interest both in organic and in pharmaceutical chemistry [1,2], and the search for new or improved approaches to synthesize these compounds is a highly relevant task.…”