Methods for the Removal of Phenolic Derivatives from Aqueous Effluents

Abstract

Phenolic derivatives are compounds that do not occur naturally in water. The presence of phenols in environment is due to human activity. These compounds have been detected in effluents from different industries, such as: petrochemical, pulp and paper, pharmaceutical, textile, coal mining, coke industry, etc. The Brazilian Law establishes the value of 0.5 mg/L as maximum concentration of these derivatives in water, however in some industries the concentration can reach 2000 mg/L. This manuscript reports the main techniques used for the removal of phenolic derivatives from industrial wastewater, such as: wet air oxidation, biological degradation, use of organic or inorganic adsorbents. Additionally, some aspects about the toxicity are presented.Keywords: Phenolic derivative; adsorbent; industrial wastewater; environment. ResumoDerivados fenólicos são compostos que não ocorrem naturalmente em corpos d'água. A presença de fenóis no meio ambiente está associada à atividade humana. Estes compostos são encontrados em rejeitos de diferentes tipos de indústrias, tais como: petroquímica, papel e celulose, farmacêutica, têxtil, mineradoras, coquerias, entre outras. A legislação brasileira estabelece o valor de 0,5 mg/L como a concentração máxima destes derivados em água. Entretanto, no efluente de algumas indústrias a concentração pode alcançar 2000 mg/L. Este artigo reporta as principais técnicas utilizadas para remoção de derivados fenólicos de efluentes aquosos industriais, tais como: oxidação por ar úmido, degradação biológica, uso de adsorventes orgânicos ou inorgânicos. Adicionalmente, são apresentados alguns aspectos associados à toxidez destes poluentes.Palavras-chave: Derivados fenólico; adsorvente; efluentes industriais; meio ambiente.

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