Methods for the Recovery of Clostridia from Foods

Gibbs, B. M.; Freame, Barbara

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1965.tb04540.x

Cited by 30 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The high confirmation rates (92% in this study), rapid confirmation, unequivocal results (positive or negative), and the use of aerobic incubators were among the advantages. This experience is consistent with the report of Gibbs and Freame (12), who noted that the DRCM medium was sensitive for C. perfringens while maintaining selectivity against most other sulfite-reducing organisms.…”

Section: Downloaded Fromsupporting

confidence: 92%

Enumeration of potentially pathogenic bacteria from sewage sludges

Dudley¹,

Guentzel²,

Ibarra³

et al. 1980

Appl Environ Microbiol

124

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To ascertain the health risks that may be posed by the land application of sewage sludges, a scheme was devised to determine the types and numbers of pathogenic and potentially pathogenic bacteria present in sludges. A processing treatment was adapted to sludge to give a homogenate which yielded the greatest numbers of viable bacteria. Conventional methods were successful in enumerating Klebsiella, Staphylococcus, gram-negative enteric bacteria, and commonly used indicator organisms. Modifications of conventional methods improved the enumeration of Salmonella, Mycobacterium sp., fluorescent Pseudomonas sp., and Clostridium perfringens. However, Shigella methodology yielded only one isolate. Utilizing the proposed scheme, the population densities of these organisms were estimated in three domestic wastewater sludges. In light of these results, the potential impact of land application of sewage sludges is discussed.

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Section: Downloaded Fromsupporting

confidence: 92%

Enumeration of potentially pathogenic bacteria from sewage sludges

Dudley¹,

Guentzel²,

Ibarra³

et al. 1980

Appl Environ Microbiol

124

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show abstract

“…( 26 ) If positive, samples were further evaluated to determine the quantitative load of bacteria by the most probable number (MPN) technique ( 27 ) which is a counting method commonly used when low numbers of viable cells are anticipated. ( 28 ) C‐EnterNet data were the only Canadian data available to describe Salmonella concentration level at retail.…”

Section: Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Risk Assessment of Human Salmonellosis in Canadian Broiler Chicken Breast from Retail to Consumption

Smadi

Sargeant

2012

Risk Analysis

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The current quantitative risk assessment model followed the framework proposed by the Codex Alimentarius to provide an estimate of the risk of human salmonellosis due to consumption of chicken breasts which were bought from Canadian retail stores and prepared in Canadian domestic kitchens. The model simulated the level of Salmonella contamination on chicken breasts throughout the retail-to-table pathway. The model used Canadian input parameter values, where available, to represent risk of salmonellosis. From retail until consumption, changes in the concentration of Salmonella on each chicken breast were modeled using equations for growth and inactivation. The model predicted an average of 318 cases of salmonellosis per 100,000 consumers per year. Potential reasons for this overestimation were discussed. A sensitivity analysis showed that concentration of Salmonella on chicken breasts at retail and food hygienic practices in private kitchens such as cross-contamination due to not washing cutting boards (or utensils) and hands after handling raw meat along with inadequate cooking contributed most significantly to the risk of human salmonellosis. The outcome from this model emphasizes that responsibility for protection from Salmonella hazard on chicken breasts is a shared responsibility. Data needed for a comprehensive Canadian Salmonella risk assessment were identified for future research.

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“…Enumeration of intestinal microflora Brucella blood agar [20], bifidobacteria iodoacetate medium-25 [21], and modified differential clostridial agar supplemented with polymyxin B sulfate (8.5 mg/L) [22] were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany) and were used to selectively identify anaerobes, bifidobacteria, and Clostridium perfringens, respectively, in an anaerobic chamber (H 2 /CO 2 /N 2 , 10 : 10 : 80). Plates were inoculated in triplicate and incubated at 37 8C for 3 d. To confirm the identity of the colonies, polymerase chain reactions were performed by using specific primers as described in Wang et al [23].…”

Section: Comet Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory Effects of a Soluble Dietary Fiber from Amorphophallus konjac on Cytotoxicity and DNA Damage Induced by Fecal Water in Caco-2 Cells

Yeh¹,

Lin²,

Chen³

2007

Planta Med

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The aims of this study were to determine the effects of konjac glucomannan (KGM), a water-soluble dietary fiber from Amorphophallu konjac C. Koch, on the cytotoxicity and DNA damage of fecal water-treated Caco-2 cells, a human colon adenocarcinoma cell line, and to compare these effects with those of inulin, oligofructose (FO), cellulose and no fiber diet. In addition, the possible mechanisms by which dietary fibers modulated the toxicity of feces were investigated. Seven-week-old BALB/c mice were randomly allocated to consume an AIN-93 diet that contained no dietary fiber (FF) or 5 % (w/w) KGM, inulin, FO, or cellulose for 3 weeks. Fresh feces were collected during days 18 - 21. Our results indicated that the survival rate (%) of fecal water-treated Caco-2 cells was similarly enhanced by each dietary fiber as compared with that of FF group, respectively. The inhibition of fecal water-induced DNA damage of Caco-2 cells was in the descending order of inulin> FO> cellulose, KGM group. Cellulose significantly exerted a bulk effect, while KGM, inulin and FO significantly increased the ratio of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in feces, respectively, as well as the ferrous ion-chelating ability of fecal water, respectively. Therefore, this study suggests that KGM, inulin and FO may reduce the toxicity of fecal water mainly by increasing the fecal probiotics and ferrous ion-chelating activities while cellulose may act mainly by increasing the fecal bulk. FF: fiber free FO: oligofructose KGM: konjac glucomannan.

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Methods for the Recovery of Clostridia from Foods

Cited by 30 publications

References 26 publications

Enumeration of potentially pathogenic bacteria from sewage sludges

Enumeration of potentially pathogenic bacteria from sewage sludges

Quantitative Risk Assessment of Human Salmonellosis in Canadian Broiler Chicken Breast from Retail to Consumption

Inhibitory Effects of a Soluble Dietary Fiber from Amorphophallus konjac on Cytotoxicity and DNA Damage Induced by Fecal Water in Caco-2 Cells

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