Methods for the Measurement and Characterization of Erosion in Enamel and Dentine

Abstract

The advantages, limitations and potential applications of available methods for studying erosion of enamel and dentine are reviewed. Special emphasis is placed on the influence of histological differences between the dental hard tissue and the stage of the erosive lesion. No method is suitable for all stages of the lesion. Factors determining the applicability of the methods are: surface condition of the specimen, type of the experimental model, nature of the lesion, need for longitudinal measurements and type of outcome. The most suitable and most widely used methods are: chemical analyses of mineral release and enamel surface hardness for early erosion, and surface profilometry and microradiography for advanced erosion. Morphological changes in eroded dental tissue have usually been characterised by scanning electron microscopy. Novel methods have also been used, but little is known of their potential and limitations. Therefore, there is a need for their further development, evaluation, consolidation and, in particular, validation.

Influence of Erosive and Abrasive Cycling on Bonding of Different Adhesive Systems to Enamel: An In situ Study

“…Based on the previous studies that evidenced structural compromising of enamel when subjected to erosive/ abrasive challenges (18), it was necessary to check if these alterations would damage on the establishment of a homogeneous resin-enamel interface somehow (7,19). In this study, industrialized orange juice (pH 3.1) was used to promote erosion.…”

Effect of foods and drinks on primary tooth enamel after erosive challenge with hydrochloric acid

“…Enamel erosion initially manifests itself by partial surface demineralisation due to high mineral content. 28 In this study, we decided to perform enamel microhardness measurements because they are the most useful method to assess enamel softening. 29 In addition, this quantitative method is simple, inexpensive, and easily applied, 30 and consists in measuring the resistance of a substrate to indentation, which can involve Vickers (tetra-pyramidal) or Knoop (rhomboid) measures.…”

“…29 In addition, this quantitative method is simple, inexpensive, and easily applied, 30 and consists in measuring the resistance of a substrate to indentation, which can involve Vickers (tetra-pyramidal) or Knoop (rhomboid) measures. 28 Knoop microhardness was chosen in this experiment because it is considered more sensitive to changes in the surface layer of an erosive lesion 27 than other microhardness tests.…”

Influência da frequência de aplicação da solução de AmF/NaF/SnCl2 no seu potencial em inibir a progressão da lesão de erosão no esmalte dental humano

“…No esmalte dental, o processo de erosão se inicia com a desmineralização parcial da superfície resultando na diminuição de sua dureza (amolecimento superficial) e no aumento da rugosidade superficial, aumentando consequentemente a susceptibilidade às forças mecânicas, como abrasão por escovação Lussi, 1999;Eisenburger et al, 2003;Rios et al, 2006;Magalhães et al, 2007). Desafios erosivos prolongados podem levar à perda irreversível de tecido duro dental e resultar em problemas estéticos e/ou funcionais (Lussi et al, 20011;Schlueter et al, 2011a). Medidas preventivas ou de controle da lesão de erosão em esmalte consistem, portanto, em modificar a superfície desse substrato, aumentando sua resistência ácida.…”

“…Estudos in vitro (Sorvari et al, 1994;Büyükyilmaz et al, 1997;Ganss et al, 2001;vanRijkom et al, 2003;Vieira et al, 2005;Hove et al, 2006;Lagerweij et al, 2006;Schlueter et al, 2007;Ganss et al, 2008;Wiegand et al, 2009;Yu et al, 2010a,b) e in situ (Ganss et al, 2004;Schlueter et al, 2009aSchlueter et al, , 2011aWiegand et al, 2010a;Mathews et al, 2012) mostraram a eficácia de diferentes produtos fluoretados na proteção e remineralização de lesões de erosão em esmalte dental. A maioria destes estudos avaliou compostos fluoretados utilizados que apresentam eficácia comprovada na prevenção e controle da cárie dental, como fluoreto de sódio (NaF), fluoreto de amina (AmF), fluoreto de estanho (SnF 2 ) e tetrafluoreto de titânio (TiF 4 ), os quais apresentam diferentes interações com o tecido mineralizado dental.…”