Methods for the detection and characterization of Streptococcus suis: from conventional bacterial culture methods to immunosensors

Abstract

One of the most important zoonotic pathogens worldwide, Streptococcus suis is a swine pathogen that is responsible for meningitis, toxic shock and even death in humans. S. suis infection develops rapidly with nonspecific clinical symptoms in the early stages and a high fatality rate. Recently, much attention has been paid to the high prevalence of S. suis as well as the increasing incidence and its epidemic characteristics. As laboratory-acquired infections of S. suis can occur and it is dangerous to public health security, timely and early diagnosis has become key to controlling S. suis prevalence. Here, the techniques that have been used for the detection, typing and characterization of S. suis are reviewed and the prospects for future detection methods for this bacterium are also discussed.

Massive Diversity in Whole-Genome Sequences of Streptococcus suis Strains from Infected Pigs in Switzerland

“…Besides being an important pig pathogen causing major economic losses, S. suis is considered a relevant zoonotic agent, especially in China and Southeast Asia (1–3). Currently, there are 29 described S.…”

Acute Myocardial Infarction as an Initial Symptom of Streptococcus suis Infection: A Case Report

“…8 But because biochemical test results for different types of S. suis is significantly varied, other test methods are necessary to type accurately. 9 With the development of molecular biology technology, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology is playing an increasingly essential role in S. suis detection. Neither general PCR nor multiplex PCR (m-PCR) could differentiate certain serotypes.…”

“…Neither general PCR nor multiplex PCR (m-PCR) could differentiate certain serotypes. 9 Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) has proven to be a reliable identification tool for microbial identification, including S. suis identification. 8 This coupled with PCR technology could improve awareness of the epidemiology and virology of S. suis.…”

Rapid visual detection of Streptococcus suis and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae using duplex recombinase polymerase amplification combined with lateral flow dipsticks

“…The bacteria can be transmitted to pigs through their respiratory tract and can result in sepsis, meningitis, arthritis, pneumonia, endocarditis, and even sudden death in severe cases. In recent years, the incidence of S. suis-related diseases in China has increased each year, and the pathogenic bacteria are mainly type 2; thus, the disease has become one of the most serious diseases that endangers the pig industry (Xia et al 2012; Xia et al 2017; Xia et al 2018). Furthermore, S. suis is a zoonotic pathogen that can infect humans through contact with carrier pigs or pork products, causing septicemia, meningitis, shock-like syndrome, or even death (Goyette-Desjardins, et al 2014).…”