Methods for studying pulmonary lymphatics

Maldonado-Zimbron, Victor E.; Hong, Jiwon; Russell, Peter; Trevaskis, Natalie L.; Windsor, John A.; Phillips, Anthony R. J.

doi:10.1183/13993003.04106-2020

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…Study of the lymphatic system in general, and the lung lymphatics in particular, has historically been quite challenging due to the lack of reliable imaging techniques and molecular markers as well as their thin walls, small size, variable anatomy, and complex interconnections ( 25 ). Even directly after surgical exposure, lymphatic vessels are not easily visible, as lymph is normally transparent.…”

Section: Identification and Imaging Of The Lung Lymphaticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The lymphatic vasculature in lung function and respiratory disease

Trivedi

Reed

2023

Front. Med.

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The lymphatic vasculature maintains tissue homeostasis via fluid drainage in the form of lymph and immune surveillance due to migration of leukocytes through the lymphatics to the draining lymph nodes. Lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) form the lymphatic vessels and lymph node sinuses and are key players in shaping immune responses and tolerance. In the healthy lung, the vast majority of lymphatic vessels are found along the bronchovascular structures, in the interlobular septa, and in the subpleural space. Previous studies in both mice and humans have shown that the lymphatics are necessary for lung function from the neonatal period through adulthood. Furthermore, changes in the lymphatic vasculature are observed in nearly all respiratory diseases in which they have been analyzed. Recent work has pointed to a causative role for lymphatic dysfunction in the initiation and progression of lung disease, indicating that these vessels may be active players in pathologic processes in the lung. However, the mechanisms by which defects in lung lymphatic function are pathogenic are understudied, leaving many unanswered questions. A more comprehensive understanding of the mechanistic role of morphological, functional, and molecular changes in the lung lymphatic endothelium in respiratory diseases is a promising area of research that is likely to lead to novel therapeutic targets. In this review, we will discuss our current knowledge of the structure and function of the lung lymphatics and the role of these vessels in lung homeostasis and respiratory disease.

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Section: Identification and Imaging Of The Lung Lymphaticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The lymphatic vasculature in lung function and respiratory disease

Trivedi

Reed

2023

Front. Med.

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“…Another PMMA-based application is so-called corrosion casting, which anatomists use to create models of the space inside body systems or elements [31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. Examples are the vascular, the respiratory, and the lymphatic system that can be filled with a resin that solidifies, therefore creating a replica [31,34,[38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining Chromatographic, Rheological, and Mechanical Analysis to Study the Manufacturing Potential of Acrylic Blends into Polyacrylic Casts

et al. 2021

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Polyacrylics have been considered for a broad range of material applications, including coatings, dental applications, and adhesives. In this experimental study, the casting potential of a group of (co)monomers belonging to the acrylic family has been explored to enable a more sustainable use of these polymer materials in the medical and veterinary science field. The individual contributions of each comonomer have been analyzed, the reaction conversion has been studied via gas chromatography (GC), the rheological behavior has been characterized via stress-controlled measurements, and the final mechanical properties have been obtained from tensile, flexure, and impact tests. The GC results allow assessing the pot life and thus the working window of the casting process. For the rheological measurements, which start from low-viscous mixtures, a novel protocol has been introduced to obtain accurate absolute data. The rheological data reflect the time dependencies of the GC data but facilitate a more direct link with the macroscopic material data. Specifically, the steep increase in the viscosity with increasing reaction time for the methyl methacrylate (MMA)/ethylene glycol dimethyl methacrylate (EGDMA) case (2% crosslinker) allows maximizing several mechanical properties: the tensile/flexure modulus, the tensile/flexure stress at break, and the impact strength. This opens the pathway to more dedicated chemistry design for corrosion casting and polyacrylic material design in general.

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