Methods for studying planar cell polarity

Olofsson, Jessica; Axelrod, Jeffrey

doi:10.1016/j.ymeth.2014.03.017

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…In contrast, the distribution of apico-basal polarity proteins in the plane is largely unknown and only a handful of studies do report planar asymmetries for apico-basal polarity proteins in epithelia ( Par-1: 38 , Shotgun: 39 , Crumbs and aPKC: 40 , Baz: 41 42 43 ). In order to better understand the planar organisation of apico-basal polarity proteins, we decided to use a mosaic analysis strategy 44 , as done long ago for planar cell polarity. Importantly, mosaic analyses allow to determine protein uni- or bilaterality on cell interfaces, which was never addressed previously.…”

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confidence: 99%

The PCP pathway regulates Baz planar distribution in epithelial cells

Aigouy

Bivic

2016

Sci Rep

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The localisation of apico-basal polarity proteins along the Z-axis of epithelial cells is well understood while their distribution in the plane of the epithelium is poorly characterised. Here we provide a systematic description of the planar localisation of apico-basal polarity proteins in the Drosophila ommatidial epithelium. We show that the adherens junction proteins Shotgun and Armadillo, as well as the baso-lateral complexes, are bilateral, i.e. present on both sides of cell interfaces. In contrast, we report that other key adherens junction proteins, Bazooka and the myosin regulatory light chain (Spaghetti squash) are unilateral, i.e. present on one side of cell interfaces. Furthermore, we demonstrate that planar cell polarity (PCP) and not the apical determinants Crumbs and Par-6 control Bazooka unilaterality in cone cells. Altogether, our work unravels an unexpected organisation and combination of apico-basal, cytoskeletal and planar polarity proteins that is different on either side of cell-cell interfaces and unique for the different contacts of the same cell.

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confidence: 99%

The PCP pathway regulates Baz planar distribution in epithelial cells

Aigouy

Bivic

2016

Sci Rep

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“…The wing hairs are actin protrusions that emanate from each cell and point distally (Guild et al 2005). Screens for disruption of this pattern have identified genes required for planar cell polarity, whereas longer, more widely spaced wing hairs are phenotypes associated with a switch to a polyploid growth program and large cells (Adler et al 2000; Hanson et al 2005; Olofsson and Axelrod 2014).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An RNAi Screen for Genes Required for Growth ofDrosophilaWing Tissue

Rotelli

Bolling

Killion

et al. 2019

G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics

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Cell division and tissue growth must be coordinated with development. Defects in these processes are the basis for a number of diseases, including developmental malformations and cancer. We have conducted an unbiased RNAi screen for genes that are required for growth in the Drosophila wing, using GAL4-inducible short hairpin RNA (shRNA) fly strains made by the Drosophila RNAi Screening Center. shRNA expression down the center of the larval wing disc using dpp-GAL4, and the central region of the adult wing was then scored for tissue growth and wing hair morphology. Out of 4,753 shRNA crosses that survived to adulthood, 18 had impaired wing growth. FlyBase and the new Alliance of Genome Resources knowledgebases were used to determine the known or predicted functions of these genes and the association of their human orthologs with disease. The function of eight of the genes identified has not been previously defined in Drosophila. The genes identified included those with known or predicted functions in cell cycle, chromosome segregation, morphogenesis, metabolism, steroid processing, transcription, and translation. All but one of the genes are similar to those in humans, and many are associated with disease. Knockdown of lin-52, a subunit of the Myb-MuvB transcription factor, or βNACtes6, a gene involved in protein folding and trafficking, resulted in a switch from cell proliferation to an endoreplication growth program through which wing tissue grew by an increase in cell size (hypertrophy). It is anticipated that further analysis of the genes that we have identified will reveal new mechanisms that regulate tissue growth during development.

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“…Disturbances in PCP signaling produce developmental anomalies in neural tube closure, left-right asymmetry, and hair cell orientation in the inner ear (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). In humans, mutations or polymorphisms of PCP components are associated with an array of developmental defects including spina bifida, cardiac outflow malformations, and cystic renal disease (21)(22)(23)(24).…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Planar cell polarity signaling in the uterus directs appropriate positioning of the crypt for embryo implantation

Yuan

Cha

Deng

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Blastocyst implantation is a complex process requiring coordination of a dynamic sequence of embryo-uterine interactions. Blood vessels enter the uterus from the mesometrium, demarcating the uterus into mesometrial (M) and antimesometrial (AM) domains. Implantation occurs along the uterine longitudinal axis within specialized implantation chambers (crypts) that originate within the evaginations directed from the primary lumen toward the AM domain. The morphological orientation of crypts in rodent uteri was recognized more than a century ago, but the mechanism remained unknown. Here we provide evidence that planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling orchestrates directed epithelial evaginations to form crypts for implantation in mice. Uterine deletion of Vang-like protein 2, but not Vang-like protein 1, conferred aberrant PCP signaling, misdirected epithelial evaginations, defective crypt formation, and blastocyst attachment, leading to severely compromised pregnancy outcomes. The study reveals a previously unrecognized role for PCP in executing spatial cues for crypt formation and implantation. Because PCP is an evolutionarily conserved phenomenon, our study is likely to inspire implantation studies of this signaling pathway in humans and other species.ffective reciprocal cross-talk between the receptive uterus and a competent blastocyst is critical for successful implantation (1). In nearly all mammals studied, the uterus differentiates into a receptive state timed appropriately with the migration of blastocysts into the uterus to initiate bidirectional communication for implantation. The receptive state is transient; in mice the uterus becomes receptive on day 4 of pregnancy (day 1 = vaginal plug) and refractory to implantation by the afternoon of day 5 (2). The coordinated actions of progesterone and estrogen regulate the proliferation and/or differentiation of major uterine cell types in a spatiotemporal manner to establish this brief window of receptivity for implantation. These changes involve an interplay of ovarian hormones, transcription factors, growth factors, morphogens, cytokines, and other signaling molecules. Aberrations or defects in any of these pathways may result in implantation failure or defective implantation, which propagates adverse ripple effects through the remaining course of gestation, compromising pregnancy outcomes (2-5).Blood vessels enter the uterus from the mesometrium and delineate the uterus into mesometrial (M) and antimesometrial (AM) domains. In mice, blastocyst attachment occurs within specialized crypts (implantation chambers), which originate as epithelial evaginations from the main lumen at orderly spaced intervals at the AM domain. The formation of these directed evaginations is initiated on the morning of day 3, and they elongate by the afternoon of day 4 for blastocyst attachment and subsequent crypt formation in the evening along the Wnt5a gradient (6). Blastocyst attachment coincides with increased endometrial vascular permeability at the site of the attachment, which can...

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Methods for studying planar cell polarity

Cited by 10 publications

References 99 publications

The PCP pathway regulates Baz planar distribution in epithelial cells

The PCP pathway regulates Baz planar distribution in epithelial cells

An RNAi Screen for Genes Required for Growth ofDrosophilaWing Tissue

Planar cell polarity signaling in the uterus directs appropriate positioning of the crypt for embryo implantation

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