Methods for reducing NOx and PM emissions in compression ignition engine: A review

Naik, G.G.; Dharmadhikari, H. M.

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2022.09.339

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 41 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Among particularly harmful hydrocarbons, two groups of compounds deserve attention: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) 34 and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) 35 , because many substances belonging to these groups have proven highly toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic or genotoxic effects. Nitrogen oxides (mainly nitrogen oxide NO and nitrogen dioxide NO 2 ) 36 and carbon monoxide CO 37 are single compounds directly covered by emission limits and well recognized in terms of toxicology. In the future, it is important to determine the significance of the impact of all individual gas components on the actual toxicity of exhaust gases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-vacuum SEM imaging and viability test of L929 cells exposed to a Euro 6 diesel exhaust gas mixture in a BAT-CELL chamber in comparison with hydrocarbons emission

Kęska,

Rusak,

Włostowski

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Exhaust emissions, which count among the most common causes of premature death worldwide, can cause irreversible changes in cells, leading to their damage or degeneration. In this research, L929 line cells were observed after exposure in the BAT-CELL chamber to exhaust gases emitted from a Euro 6 compression-ignition engine. Real road traffic conditions were simulated, taking into account air resistance while driving at speeds of 50 km/h, 120 km/h and idling engine. Morphological analysis of the cells was performed using an environmental scanning electron microscope. It has been observed that diesel exhaust fumes can cause inflammation, which can induce apoptosis or leads to necrotic cell death. The impact of the vehicle exhaust gases can inhibit cell proliferation by almost three times. Moreover, a correlation has been observed between the speed of the inflammatory reaction in cells and the presence of specific hydrocarbon compounds that determine the toxicity of exhaust gases. Research has shown that the toxicity of the emitted exhaust gases has been the highest at the driving speed of 120 km/h. In order to reduce the harmful effects of exhaust emissions, ecological alternatives and the supplementation of legal provisions regarding the compounds subject to limitation are necessary.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-vacuum SEM imaging and viability test of L929 cells exposed to a Euro 6 diesel exhaust gas mixture in a BAT-CELL chamber in comparison with hydrocarbons emission

Kęska,

Rusak,

Włostowski

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…depicts the exhaust gas conversion process through oxidation catalysts. LNTs don't need an external reducing agent but are sensitive to sulfur poisoning and require precise lean-rich cycling control (Naik G G et al 2023). The combination of LNT and SCR systems, known as LNT-SCR or NSR-SCR, is a promising solution for e cient NOx reduction in LTC engines.…”

Section: Strategies For Simultaneous Reduction Of Nox and Pmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Urea-SCR involves the injection of an aqueous urea solution, which decomposes to form NH 3 via thermal hydrolysis. The NH 3 then reacts with NOx over a catalyst to form nitrogen and water [50]. However, SCR faces challenges such as NH 3 slip at low temperatures (< 250°C) and limited catalytic activity during cold-start conditions.…”

Section: Principles and Types Of Scr Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated catalytic systems for simultaneous NOx and PM reduction: A comprehensive evaluation of synergistic performance and combustion waste energy utilization

Bakhchin,

Ravi,

Douadi

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The global transition towards sustainable automotive vehicles has driven the demand for energy-efficient internal combustion engines with advanced aftertreatment systems capable of reducing nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions. This comprehensive review explores the latest advancements in aftertreatment technologies, focusing on the synergistic integration of in-cylinder combustion strategies, such as low-temperature combustion (LTC), with post-combustion purification systems. Selective catalytic reduction (SCR), lean NOx traps (LNT), and diesel particulate filters (DPF) are critically examined, highlighting novel catalyst formulations and system configurations that enhance low-temperature performance and durability. The review also investigates the potential of energy conversion and recovery techniques, including thermoelectric generators and organic Rankine cycles, to harness waste heat from the exhaust and improve overall system efficiency. By analyzing the complex interactions between engine operating parameters, combustion kinetics, and emission formation, this study provides valuable insights into the optimization of integrated LTC-aftertreatment systems. Furthermore, the review emphasizes the importance of considering real-world driving conditions and transient operation in the development and evaluation of these technologies. The findings presented in this article lay the foundation for future research efforts aimed at overcoming the limitations of current aftertreatment systems and achieving superior emission reduction performance in advanced combustion engines, ultimately contributing to the development of sustainable and efficient automotive technologies.

show abstract

“…Increasingly stringent DPM emission regulations have been introduced by governments worldwide in the past decades [7]. The China Ⅵ emission standard has been in force since July 2021, in which the DPM emission level is 67% lower than that in the China Ⅴ standard [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient simultaneous removal of diesel particulate matter and hydrocarbons from diesel exhaust gas at low temperatures over Cu–CeO₂/Al₂O₃ coupling with dielectric barrier discharge plasma

REN 任,

FANG 方,

ZHANG 张

et al. 2024

Plasma Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Diesel particulate matter (DPM) and hydrocarbons (HC) emitted from diesel engines negatively affect air quality and human health. Catalysts for oxidative removals of DPM and HC are currently used universally but the low removal efficiency at low temperatures is a problem. In this study, Cu-doped CeO2 loaded on Al2O3 coupled with plasma was used to enhance DPM and HC low-temperature oxidation. DPM and HC removals at 200 °C using the catalyst were as high as 90% with plasma, while below 30% without plasma. Operando plasma DRIFTS-MS was conducted to reveal the function mechanism of the oxygen species on DPM oxidation process. It was found that Cu-CeO2 can promote the formation of adsorbed oxygen (M+-O2 − ) and terminal oxygen (M=O), which can react with DPM to form carbonates that are easily converted to gaseous CO2. Our results provide a practical plasma catalysis technology to obtain simultaneous removals of DPM and HC at low temperatures.

show abstract

Methods for reducing NOx and PM emissions in compression ignition engine: A review

Cited by 7 publications

References 41 publications

Low-vacuum SEM imaging and viability test of L929 cells exposed to a Euro 6 diesel exhaust gas mixture in a BAT-CELL chamber in comparison with hydrocarbons emission

Low-vacuum SEM imaging and viability test of L929 cells exposed to a Euro 6 diesel exhaust gas mixture in a BAT-CELL chamber in comparison with hydrocarbons emission

Integrated catalytic systems for simultaneous NOx and PM reduction: A comprehensive evaluation of synergistic performance and combustion waste energy utilization

Efficient simultaneous removal of diesel particulate matter and hydrocarbons from diesel exhaust gas at low temperatures over Cu–CeO₂/Al₂O₃ coupling with dielectric barrier discharge plasma

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Methods for reducing NOx and PM emissions in compression ignition engine: A review

Cited by 7 publications

References 41 publications

Low-vacuum SEM imaging and viability test of L929 cells exposed to a Euro 6 diesel exhaust gas mixture in a BAT-CELL chamber in comparison with hydrocarbons emission

Low-vacuum SEM imaging and viability test of L929 cells exposed to a Euro 6 diesel exhaust gas mixture in a BAT-CELL chamber in comparison with hydrocarbons emission

Integrated catalytic systems for simultaneous NOx and PM reduction: A comprehensive evaluation of synergistic performance and combustion waste energy utilization

Efficient simultaneous removal of diesel particulate matter and hydrocarbons from diesel exhaust gas at low temperatures over Cu–CeO2/Al2O3 coupling with dielectric barrier discharge plasma

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Efficient simultaneous removal of diesel particulate matter and hydrocarbons from diesel exhaust gas at low temperatures over Cu–CeO₂/Al₂O₃ coupling with dielectric barrier discharge plasma