Methods for Production and Use of Actinorhizal Plants in Forestry, Low-Maintenance Landscapes, and Revegetation

Benoit, Larry F.; Berry, Alison M.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-633210-0.50019-8

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Seedlings of actinorhizal plants have been experimentally inoculated with Frankia and mycorrhizal fungi prior to planting in order to increase nodulation and mycorrhizal infection (Benoit andBerry 1990, Torrey 1992). Seedlings of actinorhizal plants have been experimentally inoculated with Frankia and mycorrhizal fungi prior to planting in order to increase nodulation and mycorrhizal infection (Benoit andBerry 1990, Torrey 1992).…”

Section: Methodology For Working With Actinorhizal Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Methods for inoculating actinorhizal plants with Frankia can be found inPerinet et al (1985),Benoit and Berry (1990) andMolina et al (1994). These observations illustrate the danger of introducing Frankia that is not well characterized into westem U.S. rangelands without prior considerations of effectivity and competition with native Frankia strains.At this time, there is no commercially available Frankia inoculum for actinorhizal plants.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Actinorhizal Plants in Rangelands of the Western United States

Paschke¹

1997

Journal of Range Management

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Section: Methodology For Working With Actinorhizal Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Actinorhizal Plants in Rangelands of the Western United States

Paschke¹

1997

Journal of Range Management

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“…Actinorhizal plants are often considered colonizers of open ground (Dawson, 1986). Current or potential uses of actinorhizal plants include soil restoration, production of pulp, timber or fuelwood, acting as a nurse or windbreak, or as ornamental and horticultural plants (Wood, 1987;Benoit & Berry, 1990;Dawson, 1990;Diem & Dommergues, 1990;Hibbs & Cromack, 1990;Wheeler & Miller, 1990).…”

Section: Hostsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Actinorhizal symbioses and their N₂ fixation

1997

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summary More than 200 angiosperms, distributed in 25 genera, develop root nodule symbioses (actinorhizas) with soil bacteria of the actinomycetous genus Frankia. Although most soils studied contain infective Frankia, cultured strains are available only after isolation from root nodules. Frankia infects roots via root hairs in some hosts or via intercellular penetration in others. The nodule originates in the pericycle. The number of nodules in Alnus is determined by the plant in an autoregulated process that, in turn, is modulated by nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphate. Except in the genera Allocausarina and Casuarina, Frankia in nodules develops so‐called vesicles where nitrogenase is localized. Sporulation of Frankia occurs in some symbioses. As a group, actinorhizal plants show a large range of anatomical and biochemical adaptations in order to balance the oxygen tension near nitrogenase. In symbioses with well aerated nodule tissue like Alnus, the vesicles have a multilayered envelope composed mainly of lipids, bacterio‐hopanetetrol and their derivatives. This envelope is assumed to retard the diffusion of oxygen into the nitrogenase‐containing vesicle. In symbioses like Casuarina, the infected plant cells themselves, rather than Frankia, appear to retard oxygen diffusion, and high concentrations of haemoglobin indicate an infected region with a low oxygen tension. At least in Alnus spp., ammonia resulting from N2 fixation is assimilated by glutamine synthetase in the plant. The carbon compound(s) used by Frankia in nodules is not yet known. Nitrogenase activity decreases in response to a number of environmental factors but recovers upon return to normal conditions. This dynamism in nitrogenase activity is often explained by loss and recovery of active nitrogenase and has been traced to loss and recovery of the nitrogenase proteins themselves. Recovery is partly due to growth of Frankia and to development of new vesicles in the Alnus nodules. In the field, varying conditions continuously affect the plants and the measured rate of N2 fixation is a result not only of the conditions prevailing at the moment but also of the conditions experienced over preceding days. N2 fixed by actinorhizal plants is substantial and actinorhizal plants have great potential in soil reclamation and in various types of forestry. Several species are also useful in horticulture.

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“…Standard inoculation procedures have often proved to be ineffective in field, reclamation, and amenity plantings of actinorhizal species (Reddell et al 1991). To date, no effective commercial Frankia inoculants are available (Benoit and Berry 1990). …”

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confidence: 99%

Enhancement of Infection and Nodulation in Actinorhizal Plants by Inoculation with Frankia-Amended Superabsorbent Polymers

Kohls¹,

Harbrecht²,

Kremer³

1992

ASMR

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Abstract. Actinorhizal plants (non-leguminous nitrogen fixing tree species) are unique in forming a symbiosis with the actinomycete Frankia. They are economically and ecologically important due to their ability to colonize disturbed and nutrient-impoverished substrates. The degree of infection and nodulation in Alnus glutinosa and Casuarina equisetifolia were evaluated using a root dip consisting of a superabsorbent polymer slurry amended with various concentrations of Frankia. This delivery system markedly improved the degree of nodulation and growth of Alnus and Casuarina in both laboratory and field studies. Significantly greater nodulation and rate of growth were observed in plants treated with Frankia-polymer slurries compared to plants inoculated with the same amount of Frankia by standard techniques. Nodule number and nodule dry weight per plant were also observed to be two to three times greater in the polymer-Frankia treated plants. Unlike the plants treated with Frankia alone, nodules in the polymer-Frankia treated plants were distributed throughout the root system. When amended with polymer, plants inoculated with 5 to JO-fold lower titers of Frankia exhibited nodulation and growth equal to or greater than that of plants inoculated at standard titer by the standard methods.The mechanism of infection and nodulation enhancement appears to be related to the ability of the polymer delivery system to maintain the microorganisms in close contact with the rhizoplane of the developing root system. This is believed to be the first Frankia inoculum delivery system that enhances the nodulation of actinorhizal plants and also enables adequate nodulation with a 5 to JO-fold smaller inoculum. The system thereby improves the cost effectiveness of using Frankia-inoculated actinorhizal plants for mine-spoil reclamation. This delivery system is part of U.S. Patent #4,975,105.

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Methods for Production and Use of Actinorhizal Plants in Forestry, Low-Maintenance Landscapes, and Revegetation

Cited by 23 publications

References 22 publications

Actinorhizal Plants in Rangelands of the Western United States

Actinorhizal Plants in Rangelands of the Western United States

Actinorhizal symbioses and their N₂ fixation

Enhancement of Infection and Nodulation in Actinorhizal Plants by Inoculation with Frankia-Amended Superabsorbent Polymers

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Methods for Production and Use of Actinorhizal Plants in Forestry, Low-Maintenance Landscapes, and Revegetation

Cited by 23 publications

References 22 publications

Actinorhizal Plants in Rangelands of the Western United States

Actinorhizal Plants in Rangelands of the Western United States

Actinorhizal symbioses and their N2 fixation

Enhancement of Infection and Nodulation in Actinorhizal Plants by Inoculation with Frankia-Amended Superabsorbent Polymers

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Product

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Actinorhizal symbioses and their N₂ fixation