Methods for producing experimental complete atrioventricular block in dogs

An improved in vivo method for atrioventricular node ablation via thoracotomy

“…Onset of heart block was immediate after injection of one aliquot of 0.1-0.2 mL 10% formalin into the correct plane. However, recovery of the AV node within 12 h occurred in rabbit 1, leading us to develop the H-wave guidance device, which was employed for the remaining animals (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). In these animals, we found immediate improvements in locating the desired injection site, and delivering the injectate in a manner which would create long-term CHB as desired.…”

Ethanol Induction of Complete Heart Block in Swine

“…The inception of the animal model of CHB occurred in the early 20th century when Fredericq crushed the AV node with forceps after right atriotomy in the canine [14]. Since this time, numerous methods of inducing CHB have been reported.…”

“…A review of the success rates of immediate postoperative induction of CHB in open-and closed-chest models is presented (Tables 1 and 2). As reported by Boucher and Duchene-Marullaz, no single method appears best as success depends, to a great extent, on the (14). Prep ϭ animal model utilized; No.…”

“…of ops ϭ number of operations; Postop CHB ϭ number of animals in postoperative complete heart block; Success rate ϭ percentage of animals in postoperative complete heart block; Chronic CHB ϭ number of animals in complete heart block for greater than 7 days; Postop period ϭ number of days animals were followed before death/sacrifice. skill and experience of the surgeon [14]. The closedchest approach has the advantage of decreasing complications associated with thoracotomy; however, it also requires expensive equipment and specialized skill.…”

Chronotropic cardiac effects of histamine in the conscious dog with chronic atrioventricular block: interactions with the autonomic nervous system

“…A-V block was produced by crushing the bundle of His with forceps introduced through the open right atrium during temporary occlusion of the venae cavae according to Fredericq's modified technique [22,23]. Three of these dogs were in addition fitted with a catheter for long-term measurement of blood pressure, inserted into the left external iliac artery and connected to a valve fixed on the dog's neck according to a technique derived from that described by Bloomberg et al [24].…”