Methods for prediction of refractive index in glasses for the infrared

McCloy, John S.

doi:10.1117/12.882536

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…[31][32][33][34] More recently, McCloy used the Gladstone-Dale relation on heavy metal oxide glasses, where an incident wavelength in the infrared was used to determine the index of refraction of the glasses. 35 This is very different from the experiments of the past that were largely done on silicate-based glasses with the use of the sodium D line. Using the Gladstone-Dale relation, he found that the resulting index-of-refraction values for heavy metal oxide glasses matched fairly well with the measured index of refraction.…”

Section: Applications In Oxide Glass Chronologymentioning

confidence: 81%

The Gladstone–Dale relation: Applications in oxide glasses

Tsekrekas,

Clare

2023

Int J of Appl Glass Sci

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The Gladstone–Dale relation is among one of the many formulae put forward in the 19th century to try and relate the index of refraction and density of a material. Compared to other relations of the time, the Gladstone–Dale relation is advantageous as it is relatively simple to use. It has been suggested that the Gladstone–Dale relation can be used as a reliable way to calculate the index of refraction for oxide glasses because of the additive nature of the relation, making it ideal for glass compositions. The reliability of the Gladstone–Dale relation with regards to its use in glass science has been explored. Various oxide glass systems that use different network formers, conditional network formers, modifying oxides, and dopants have been obtained from the literature to determine the reliability of the relation with regards to index‐of‐refraction calculations. The benefits and faults of the relation are discussed, and it was found that it is not universally applicable for all glass compositions.

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Section: Applications In Oxide Glass Chronologymentioning

confidence: 81%

The Gladstone–Dale relation: Applications in oxide glasses

Tsekrekas,

Clare

2023

Int J of Appl Glass Sci

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“…The refractivity values obtained here can provide a reasonable estimate of a novel composition's refractive index; however, the LL model does not consistently predict transition points, or extrema, along the tielines. The reasoning for this is due to the model only considering elemental refractivity contributions and ignoring contributions from specific structures or bond types, such as the shifts observed at stoichiometry and when Ge 2 Se 6/2 ethane‐like modes appear, as has been noted previously by McCloy . Other approaches such as band–orbital theory and ab initio modeling do not presuppose a purely intra‐atomic (or intra‐ionic) response and could therefore provide a more complete explanation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reasoning for this is due to the model only considering elemental refractivity contributions and ignoring contributions from specific structures or bond types, such as the shifts observed at stoichiometry and when Ge 2 Se 6/2 ethane-like modes appear, as has been noted previously by McCloy. 46 Other approaches such as band-orbital theory 47,48 and ab initio modeling 49 do not presuppose a purely intra-atomic (or intra-ionic) response and could therefore provide a more complete explanation. However, these methods were outside the scope of the current analysis.…”

Section: Modeling Of Optical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refractive Index and Thermo‐Optic Coefficients of Ge‐As‐Se Chalcogenide Glasses

Gleason

Richardson

Sisken

et al. 2016

Int J of Appl Glass Sci

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Seventeen glasses in the Ge-As-Se ternary glass-forming region have been fabricated and analyzed to provide input for optical design data and to establish composition-and structure-based relationships to aide development of novel chalcogenide glasses with tailored optical functionality. While known that Ge addition to binary As-Se glasses enhances the mean coordination number (MCN) of the network and results in increased T g and decreased CTE, this work highlights the impact on optical properties, specifically mid-wave (k = 4.515 lm) index and thermo-optic coefficient (dn/dT). Trends in property changes were correlated with an excess or deficiency of chalcogen content in the glassy network as compared to stoichiometric compositions. Transitions in key optical properties were observed with the disappearance of Se-Se homopolar bonds and creation of As-As homopolar bonds which are associated with the Se-rich and Se-deficient regions near the stoichiometry, respectively. A second transition was observed with the creation of GeSe ethane-like structures, which are only present in strongly Se-deficient networks. Fitting dn/dT values with a simplified version of the thermal Lorentz-Lorenz formulation yielded a linear relation between the quantity (n À3 •dn/dT) and the CTE, which can be used to predict compositions with the near-zero dn/dT required for athermal optical systems.

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“…Various physical properties including molecular weight (M), density (ρ), refractive index (n), molar volume (V m ), packing density (PD), rare earth-ion concentration (N), polaron radius (r p ) and critical distance (R c ) for Eu 3+ doped borogermanate glasses have been provided in Table 1. The refractive indexes of glasses have been calculated using Gladstone-Dale relation [28]. The critical distances (R c ) and other calculated physical properties of glasses have been obtained according to literature [29,30], respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of europium concentration dependence on the luminescent properties of borogermanate glasses

Gökçe

Şentürk

Uslu

et al. 2017

Journal of Luminescence

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In order to elucidate the effect of europium content on the optical and luminescent properties of borogermanate glasses, a series of Eu 3+ doped 30B 2 O 3 -40GeO 2 -(30-x)Gd 2 O 3 glasses with various doping levels (x=1-9 mol%) have been synthesized and studied with transmission, absorption, photoluminescence and decay time measurements. The transmission spectra proved that the title glasses maintained a high transparency about 80% in the 440 to 900 nm region. Based on the absorption spectra, the optical band gaps obtained from Tauc's plot can be narrowed by increasing content of Eu 3+ . From the photoluminescence spectra, the strongest red emission has been observed from the 5 D 0 → 7 F 2 level of Eu 3+ ions in borogermanate glasses. The strongest emission and excitation intensities of Eu 3+ ions are at the doping level of x=7 mol% and then these intensities decrease due to concentration quenching. The red to orange ratio (R/O) of 5 D 0 → 7 F 2 to 5 D 0 → 7 F 1 transitions has been investigated to predict the local environment of Eu 3+ ions. Judd-Ofelt (J-O) analyses have been performed from the emission spectra. The values of R/O and Ω 2 present an increase with increasing doping level, indicating the lower symmetric environment for Eu 3+ ions and higher covalency for Eu-O bond. The emission efficiency calculated from J-O theory is 75% at x=2 mol%. The decay time curves of 6 P 7/2 → 8 S 7/2 transition of Gd 3+ ions and 5 D 0 -7 F 2 transition of Eu 3+ ions confirm the energy transfer from Gd 3+ to Eu 3+ ions.

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Methods for prediction of refractive index in glasses for the infrared

Cited by 16 publications

References 38 publications

The Gladstone–Dale relation: Applications in oxide glasses

The Gladstone–Dale relation: Applications in oxide glasses

Refractive Index and Thermo‐Optic Coefficients of Ge‐As‐Se Chalcogenide Glasses

Investigation of europium concentration dependence on the luminescent properties of borogermanate glasses

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