Methods for Measuring Concentration (Mass, Surface Area and Number) of Nanomaterials

Palchoudhury, Soubantika; Baalousha, Mohammed; Lead, Jamie R.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-099948-7.00005-1

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 72 publications

(82 reference statements)

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“…Several methods used for nanometrology and characterization of NPs after synthesis have been applied for measuring their concentrations (mass, surface area, number) in environmental matrices ( Palchoudhury et al, 2015 ). For determining mass concentration of NPs in environmental complex media, graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GF AAS) ( Li et al, 2013 ), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) ( Choi et al, 2017 ;Kaegi et al, 2011 ), ICP optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) ( Contado and Pagnoni, 2010 ;Ortelli et al, 2017 ), surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) , field flow fractionation ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (FFF-UV) ( Bednar et al, 2013 ) have been previously used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of metal-based nanoparticles in the conventional wastewater treatment process

Cervantes-Avilés

Keller

2021

Water Research

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Metal-based nanoparticles (NPs) can be found in wastewater streams, which are significant pathways for the release of NPs to the environment. Determination of the NPs concentration in wastewater streams is important for performing appropriate ecotoxicological evaluations. The aim of this work was to determine the incidence of NPs from 13 different elements throughout the wastewater treatment process by using single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (spICP-MS). The incidence was determined in samples of the influent, post-primary treatment and effluent of the activated sludge process, as well as in the reclaimed water of a full-scale wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). In addition, concentration of NPs was determined in the waste activated sludge and in the anaerobic digester. The concentration of metal-based NPs in the influent wastewater were between 1,600 and 10,700 ng/L for elements such as Ti, Fe, Ce, Mg, Zn and Cu, while that for Ni, Al, Ag, Au, Co and Cd was below 100 ng/L. Concentrations in reclaimed water ranged between 0.6 and 721 ng/L, ranked as MgResults indicated that the activated sludge process and reclaimed water system removed 84-99% of natural and engineered metal-based NPs from influent to reclaimed water, except for Mg, Ni and Cd where the removal ranged from 70 to 78%. The highest concentrations of NPs were found in the waste activated sludge and anaerobic sludge, ranging from 0.5 to 39,900 ng/L. The size distribution of NPs differed in different wastewater streams within the WWTP, resulting in smaller particles in the effluent (20-180 nm) than in the influent (23-233 nm) for most elements. Conversely, NPs were notably larger in the waste activated sludge samples than in the anaerobic sludge or wastewater, since conditions in the secondary treatment lead to precipitation of several metal-based NPs. The incidence of metalbased NPs from 13 elements in wastewater decreased significatively after the conventional wastewater treatment train. However, anaerobic digesters store high NPs concentrations. Hence, the disposal of sludge needs to take this into account to evaluate the risk of the release of NPs to the environment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of metal-based nanoparticles in the conventional wastewater treatment process

Cervantes-Avilés

Keller

2021

Water Research

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“…While mass concentration is convenient and frequently used in environmental risk assessment, surface area is considered a more suitable metric when studying interaction with biological interfaces, since these interactions are proportional to the surface area. However, quantification by particle number better reflects the particulate nature of NPls and would, if combined with size distribution information, be the metric of choice for quantification of NPls in biological systems [28][29][30]. Cellular uptake of NPls has been studied extensively over the last decades, resulting in a large amount of methods available for evaluation of NPl internalization.…”

Section: Evaluation and Quantification Of Cellular Uptake Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodologies to investigate intracellular barriers for nucleic acid delivery in non-viral gene therapy

et al. 2018

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A plethora of biological barriers, intended to defend tissues and cells against external influences, stand in the way of efficient nucleic acid delivery by non-viral nanoplexes. Even when nanoplexes successfully evade extracellular barriers and reach their target cell, many intracellular barriers remain to be conquered. These include overcoming the plasma membrane, evading endosomal compartmentalization, and in some cases crossing the nuclear envelope. At the same time, exocytosis, autophagy and cytoplasmic degradation of the cargo should be avoided. Currently, there is a growing appreciation that the interaction of nanoplexes with these barriers should be understood in detail in order to rationally design a second generation of non-viral nanoplexes, capable of overcoming these many hurdles. Studying intracellular biobarriers is, however, quite challenging and specialized methods are constantly being developed. In this review, we present an overview of established as well as emerging techniques and assays that are currently available to the experimentalist to study nanoplexbarrier interaction, with a focus on quantitative methods.

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“…AAS, çok çeşitli metal konsantrasyonlarının tespitinde güvenilirlik açısından iyi bilinir. İndüktif plazma ile birleştirilmiş kütle spektrometresi (ICP-MS); karbon olmayan NP'lerin kütle konsantrasyonunu değerlendirmek için önde gelen bir analitik tekniktir, çünkü diğer yöntemlerle karşılaştırıldığında hassas bir saptama limiti sağlar (0.1-0.05 µg/L), izotopik ölçüm için büyük doğrusal bir aralık ve potansiyele sahiptir [11,49]. Tipik olarak, ICP-MS için NP numuneleri, ölçümden önce çoklu asit ile muamele edilerek hazırlanır.…”

Section: Kütle Yoğunluğunun öLçümüunclassified

“…Organik maddelerden NP analizi yapılacaksa yaş yakma (kül etme) metodu ile numuneler hazırlanır. UV-vis spektroskopisi laboratuvar temelli çalışmalar için basit ortamda agregasız NP numunelerinin 6 yaklaşık toplam kütle konsantrasyonu ölçümü için uygundur [11]. Sulu fazda fulleren NP gibi veya yüksek iyonik mukavemetli ortamda yüklü stabilize NP'ler gibi agrega numuneleri için UV-vis verileri dikkatlice analiz edilmelidir.…”

Section: Kütle Yoğunluğunun öLçümüunclassified

Nanoparticle Characterization Methods and Its Importance in Ecotoxicity Experiments

Dağlioglu¹

2018

Marmara Fen Bilimleri Dergisi

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Nanoteknoloji önemli bir yenilikçi, bilimsel ve ekonomik büyüme alanıdır. Bununla birlikte, nanopartiküller insan sağlığı ve çevre üzerinde zararlı etkilere sahip olabilir. Şimdiye kadar, nanopartiküllerin toksisitesi üzerine artan sayıda çalışma yapılmasına rağmen hala niceliksel ekotoksisite veri eksikliği bulunmaktadır. Napartiküller en az bir boyutu ≤100 nm olup karbon, silikon ve metaller gibi çok farklı temel materyalden oluşabilir. Nanopartikül atomlarının yaklaşık % 40-50'si yüzeyde olmasından dolayı reaktivitesi yüksekdir. Buna bağlı olarak da farklı biyolojik etkiler göstermesi beklenmektedir. Ekotoksisite deneylerinde nanopartiküller ile nanopartikül agregatlarının ayrıntılı bir şekilde karakterize edilmesi gerekir. Çünkü, nanopartiküllerin çevresel konsantrasyonları hem etki derecelerini hem de maruz kalma değerlendirmelerini değiştirmektedir. Çevredeki nanopartiküller ile agregat nanopartiküllerinin yapısı son ürünlerin özellikleri ve ortamdaki davranışları üzerine büyük önem taşımaktadır. Farklı ortamlardaki nanopartikülleri ölçerken, konsantrasyonlarla ilgili veriler sağlamak tek başına yeterli değildir, aynı zamanda nanopartiküllerin boyut dağılımı ve fizikokimyasal özellikleri hakkında da bilgi gereklidir. Tek bir teknik bu bilgilerin hepsini sağlayamaz, bu nedenle farklı analitik teknikler gereklidir. Bu derlemede, nanopartikül toksisitesinin değerlendirilmesinde nanopartikül karakterizasyonun önemi açıklanmıştır. Aynı zamanda, nanopartiküllerin mikroskopik, kromatografik, spektroskopik yöntemler, santrifüjleme ve filtrasyon teknikleri ve diğer teknikler adı altında nanopartikül boyut ve fizikokimyasal özellikleri dikkate alınarak karakterizasyon yöntemleri ayrıntılı olarak tartışılmıştır.

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Methods for Measuring Concentration (Mass, Surface Area and Number) of Nanomaterials

Cited by 20 publications

References 72 publications

Incidence of metal-based nanoparticles in the conventional wastewater treatment process

Incidence of metal-based nanoparticles in the conventional wastewater treatment process

Methodologies to investigate intracellular barriers for nucleic acid delivery in non-viral gene therapy

Nanoparticle Characterization Methods and Its Importance in Ecotoxicity Experiments

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