Methods for kinetic analysis of thermally stimulated processes

Chen, Reuven

doi:10.1007/bf00540887

Cited by 200 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 182 publications

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“…28,38 TSDC for 5L5NS is displayed in Fig. 6 where the sample was previously poled with V p = 25 V. An investigation of TSDC for 46S4 bioglass was reported by Mariappan and Roling.…”

Section: Electrical and Dielectric Behavior Of Alkali Ion Depletion Lmentioning

confidence: 95%

Depletion Layer Formation in Alkali Silicate Glasses by Electro-Thermal Poling

McLaren

Balabajew

Gellert

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Electro-thermal poling of alkali-containing glasses has been known to enhance various physical and chemical properties due to the formation of an alkali ion depletion layer. We have investigated the role of alkali ion migration in depletion layer formation by in situ impedance spectroscopy, poling current measurements and ToF-SIMS on two binary alkali (lithium and sodium) disilicate glasses and two mixed alkali lithium-sodium disilicate glasses. Typically, the depletion layer is formed within a few minutes, reaching a thickness of the order of 100 nm while its impedance continues to increase for the duration of poling. Its electrical conductivity is six or more orders of magnitude lower than that of the bulk glass; by comparison the dielectric constant is lower, approaching the value for silica containing a few percent alkali oxide. Two processes contribute to the formation of a depletion layer: a relatively fast initial process arising from alkali ion migration, followed by a slower process of either electrolysis or gaseous oxygen evolution near the anode. Implications of electro-thermal poling for the mechanism of recently discovered electric field-induced softening of glass are discussed. Electro-thermal poling was primarily developed to induce secondorder nonlinear (SONL) optical susceptibility in glasses by application of DC electric fields. [1][2][3][4] In recent years, interest in this technique has expanded beyond SONL to enhance a variety of biological, physical and chemical properties of glass.5-18 For example, electro-thermal poling has been reported to modify a glass' affinity to atmospheric water at the anode region.18 Electro-thermal poling generally comprises of four main processing steps. First, a glass is heated to a predetermined poling temperature (T p ) below the glass transition temperature (T g ), which allows for increased ionic conductivity while retaining the preformed dimensions. Electrodes on opposite sides of the glass sample are then used to apply a DC voltage (V p ) at T p . After sufficient charge flow has occurred, the glass is then cooled to ambient while still applying the DC voltage to 'freeze' ionic displacements. Finally, the applied voltage is removed at ambient temperature where ionic conductivity is significantly lower to prevent ionic migration back toward original positions. Modification of properties is largely effected by the formation of an alkali ion depletion layer at the anode due to charge transport of ions during these steps.Recently, electric field-induced softening (EFIS) of glass was reported to reduce furnace temperature required for glass softening. 19EFIS is a processing technique where a compressive load is applied to a rectangular glass block inside a furnace. The furnace is then heated at a constant rate while electrodes are used to apply an external electric field across the two parallel faces of the block. The observed reduction in furnace temperature, compared to zero-field conditions, occurs as a result of Joule heating, electrolysis and dielectric b...

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“…28,38 TSDC for 5L5NS is displayed in Fig. 6 where the sample was previously poled with V p = 25 V. An investigation of TSDC for 46S4 bioglass was reported by Mariappan and Roling.…”

Section: Electrical and Dielectric Behavior Of Alkali Ion Depletion Lmentioning

confidence: 95%

Depletion Layer Formation in Alkali Silicate Glasses by Electro-Thermal Poling

McLaren

Balabajew

Gellert

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…Methods for estimating E* and r* have been given, e.g., by Chen [22]. The TSD experiment does not give any information about the characteristic relaxation time of the reference species too and the upper limit of the correlated states, Ec.…”

Section: Analysis Based On the Ngai-bendler-jonscher Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the influence of physical aging processes on electret properties of amorphous poly(methyl methacrylate)

Kubon

Schilling

Wendorff

1988

Colloid & Polymer Sci

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The influence of physical aging processes on the electret properties of amorphous poly(methyl methacrylate) was investigated. The experimental method of choice was the thermally stimulated discharge (TSD) technique. The result of these studies is that aging influences the magnitude of the electrical polarization within the glassy state and the thermal stability of the polarization originating from the frozen-in dipole orientation and from trapped charges. The effects of aging on electret properties can, to a good approximation, be accounted for on the basis of the phenomenological aging theory, as proposed by Kovacs et al. More detailed information on the relation between relaxation properties and aging of electret properties can be obtained from an analysis of the experimental results, based on the universal law approach, as proposed by Ngai et al.

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“…On assuming that the temperature dependence of the relaxation time related with the low-temperature band is of Arrhenius type, the activation parameters for reorientation jumps may be calculated. Because of some experimental limitations, the activation energy E was evaluated according to Chen,s approximations [11], whereas the frequency factor τ0 was calculated from the following equation describing the condition for the band maximum:…”

Section: The Results Obtainedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations of Defect Centres in Alkali Halides Doped with Trivalent Cations. Part 2: The NaCl:Cr³⁺Crystals

Suszynska

Capelletti

1993

Acta Phys. Pol. A

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On the basis of ITC studies, complemented by some spectroscopic and ionic conductivity measurements, it was stated that dielectric relaxations of the NaCl:Cr 3 + crystals are more complicated than those typical of AH:Me 2 + systems. The complexity of these phenomena concerns the number, shape and positions of the bands appearing in the ITC spectrum. The origin of the main peaks was discussed in terms of relaxations related with the chromium centres; substitutionally and off-center located Cr 3 + ions, accompanied by two cation vacancies at geometrically different positions, and Cr clusters distributed around dislocations were considered.

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Methods for kinetic analysis of thermally stimulated processes

Cited by 200 publications

References 182 publications

Depletion Layer Formation in Alkali Silicate Glasses by Electro-Thermal Poling

Depletion Layer Formation in Alkali Silicate Glasses by Electro-Thermal Poling

Studies on the influence of physical aging processes on electret properties of amorphous poly(methyl methacrylate)

Investigations of Defect Centres in Alkali Halides Doped with Trivalent Cations. Part 2: The NaCl:Cr³⁺Crystals

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Methods for kinetic analysis of thermally stimulated processes

Cited by 200 publications

References 182 publications

Depletion Layer Formation in Alkali Silicate Glasses by Electro-Thermal Poling

Depletion Layer Formation in Alkali Silicate Glasses by Electro-Thermal Poling

Studies on the influence of physical aging processes on electret properties of amorphous poly(methyl methacrylate)

Investigations of Defect Centres in Alkali Halides Doped with Trivalent Cations. Part 2: The NaCl:Cr3+Crystals

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Investigations of Defect Centres in Alkali Halides Doped with Trivalent Cations. Part 2: The NaCl:Cr³⁺Crystals