Methods for Enhanced Culture Recovery of
            <i>Francisella tularensis</i>

Petersen, Jeannine M.; Schriefer, Martin E.; Gage, Kenneth L.; Montenieri, John A.; Carter, Leon G.; Stanley, Miles; Chu, May C.

doi:10.1128/aem.70.6.3733-3735.2004

Cited by 59 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Evidence suggests that some bacteria inhibit F. tularensis growth [57]. This finding has important implications when attempting to isolate F. tularensis from a variety of samples that contain other bacterial species.…”

Section: Culturementioning

confidence: 96%

“…This finding has important implications when attempting to isolate F. tularensis from a variety of samples that contain other bacterial species. Recently, an antibiotic supplemented CHAB media (CHAB-A) was shown to significantly improve recovery rates of F. tularensis from tissue sources contaminated or overgrown by other flora [57]. In clinical or environmental specimens where mixed flora is likely, the use of CHAB-A should be considered.…”

Section: Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Tularemia: emergence/re-emergence

2005

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-Francisella tularensis is a gram-negative coccobacillus and the etiologic agent of the zoonotic disease tularemia. First described in 1911 in Tulare County, California, it has since been reported throughout the Northern Hemisphere, with natural infections reported among an unusually wide range of vertebrates and invertebrates. In recent years, tularemia has emerged in new geographic locations, populations, and settings. This review will serve to highlight mechanisms contributing to the recent emergence of tularemia as well as a repertoire of diagnostic tools useful for detecting and diagnosing disease. tularemia / zoonosis / factors of emergence / Francisella tularensis

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Section: Culturementioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

Tularemia: emergence/re-emergence

2005

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“…Numbers of CFUs in organs from infected mice were determined as previously described (9), using groups of three to five mice. CFUs in lungs of infected mice were assessed by plating organ homogenates on MHA plates containing an antibiotic mixture to suppress growth of adventitious agents (colistin sulfate salt, lincomycin hydrochloride, trimethoprim, and ampicillin) (11).…”

Section: Animals Infections and Determination Of Bacterial Organ Bumentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung CD4−CD8− Double-Negative T Cells Are Prominent Producers of IL-17A and IFN-γ during Primary Respiratory Murine Infection with Francisella tularensis Live Vaccine Strain

Cowley

Meierovics

Frelinger

et al. 2010

The Journal of Immunology

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For several intracellular infections, pulmonary vaccination provides measurably better protection against pulmonary challenge. The unique factors that contribute to pulmonary immune responses are not well characterized. In this study, we show that CD4−CD8− double negative (DN) T cells are a major responding T cell subset in the lungs of mice during pulmonary Francisella tularensis live vaccine strain (LVS) infection. DN T cells were a minor (<2%) subset in spleens and lungs of mice during sublethal intradermal infection with LVS. In contrast, they were a major responding T cell subset in lungs during pulmonary LVS infection, producing large quantities of IFN-γ and IL-17A. The numbers of IL-17A+ DN T cells in the lungs exceeded that of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells on day 7 postinfection; by day 14 postinfection, all three IL-17A–producing T cell subsets were present in equivalent numbers. CD4+, CD8+, and DN T cell production of IL-17A was not observed in the spleens of pulmonary-infected mice or the lungs and spleens of intradermally infected mice. Correspondingly, IL-17A knockout mice were more susceptible to respiratory than intradermal LVS infection, with delayed clearance 1–3 wk postinfection. Finally, in vitro treatment of LVS-infected macrophages and alveolar type II epithelial cells with IFN-γ and IL-17A affected significantly greater LVS growth control than treatment with either cytokine alone. The data presented in this study demonstrate that DN cells contribute to production of IL-17A and IFN-γ in the lungs during inhalational Francisella infection and that these cytokines additively activate host cells to control LVS intracellular growth.

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“…It is possible that the yield of cultures is improved by bedside or rapid inoculation into broth or culture plates since there is often a delay between the acquisition of a sample and its arrival at the microbiology laboratory. An improved yield was observed by rapid plate inoculation of necropsy samples from infected prairie dogs [37]. In addition, this study reported that utilizing media with antibiotics also improved the yield of cultures.…”

Section: Culturementioning

confidence: 60%

Tularemia: current diagnosis and treatment options

Hepburn

Simpson

2008

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy

116

117

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Tularemia is an infection caused by Francisella tularensis with a worldwide distribution and diverse clinical manifestations. Limitations in both culture and serologic testing have led to substantial research into new diagnostic techniques and their clinical application, with PCR testing as the best example. This review focuses on the utility of culture, PCR and serologic testing for tularemia. In addition, we also review the evidence to support different therapeutic options for tularemia, highlighting both the most effective supporting evidence for therapeutic recommendations as well as gaps in current knowledge. We conclude the article with suggestions regarding potential areas for future research.

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Methods for Enhanced Culture Recovery of Francisella tularensis

Cited by 59 publications

References 8 publications

Tularemia: emergence/re-emergence

Tularemia: emergence/re-emergence

Lung CD4−CD8− Double-Negative T Cells Are Prominent Producers of IL-17A and IFN-γ during Primary Respiratory Murine Infection with Francisella tularensis Live Vaccine Strain

Tularemia: current diagnosis and treatment options

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