Methods for diagnosis of canine leishmaniasis and immune response to infection

Maia, Carla; Campino, Lenea

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.07.028

Cited by 191 publications

(177 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…Despite testing positive serologically, three dogs from the asymptomatic group, including a three-to-four-month-old puppy, tested negatively for all of the administered tests. Possible explanations include false seropositivity 40 , cross-reactivity with other diseases 41 or the presence of a pre-patent infection 42,43 . In the case of the puppy, the positive serology might also be attributable to the presence of maternal antibodies 44 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of parasitological examination, kDNA polymerase chain reaction and rK39-based immunochromatography for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in seropositive dogs from the screening-culling program in Brazil

Regina-Silva

Fortes-Dias

Michalsky

et al. 2014

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction: Dogs play a primary role in the zoonotic cycle of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Therefore, the accurate diagnosis of infected dogs, primarily asymptomatic dogs, is crucial to the effi ciency of VL control programs. Methods: We investigated the agreement of four diagnostic tests for canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL): parasite detection, either after myeloculture or by direct microscopic examination of tissue imprints; kinetoplast-deoxyribonucleic acid-polymerase chain reaction (kDNA-PCR); and an immunochromatographic test (ICT). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and an indirect immunofl uorescence test (IFAT), both of which were adopted as part of the screening-culling program in Brazil, were used as reference tests. Our sample set consisted of 44 seropositive dogs, 25 of which were clinically asymptomatic and 19 were symptomatic for CVL according to ELISA-IFAT. Results: The highest and lowest test co-positivities were observed for ICT (77.3%) and myeloculture (58.1%), respectively. When analyzed together, the overall percentage of co-positive tests was signifi cantly higher for the symptomatic group compared to the asymptomatic group. However, only ICT was signifi cantly different based on the results of a separate analysis per test for each group of dogs. The majority (93.8%) of animals exhibited at least one positive test result, with an average of 2.66 positive tests per dog. Half of the symptomatic dogs tested positive for all four tests administered. Conclusions:The variability between test results reinforces the need for more effi cient and reliable methods to accurately diagnose canine VL, particularly in asymptomatic animals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of parasitological examination, kDNA polymerase chain reaction and rK39-based immunochromatography for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in seropositive dogs from the screening-culling program in Brazil

Regina-Silva

Fortes-Dias

Michalsky

et al. 2014

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…This result may have been an underestimate, because of the low number of samples that we were able to include in this study, the low sensitivity of the parasitological test that was used as the gold standard (MAIA & CAMPINO, 2008;LAURENTI, 2009), and the complex relationship between Leishmania and the canine host, thus leading to changes to test sensitivity over the clinical course of the disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Serological, parasitological and molecular tests for canine visceral leishmaniosis diagnosis in a longitudinal study

Nunes

Lima

Melo

et al. 2015

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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One of the measures to control visceral leishmaniosis (VL) in Brazil is the identification and culling of the canine reservoir. There is much controversy concerning this strategy, including the proper identification of positive dogs and the fact that the host-parasite relationship changes over time make it more challenging. A dynamic cohort of 62 dogs was followed every three months using serological and parasitological examinations and PCR. Positivity by PCR was higher than by serology and by parasitological examinations and showed a tendency to decrease over time, while serology tended to increase after six months. Concomitant positivity in all tests was observed in 10.4% of the samples, and negativity in 29.1%. Overall sensitivity ranged from 43.6 to 64.1%, and was not uniform over time. The proportion of dogs with or without clinical signs was not different by cytology or PCR but PCR was able to identify a larger number of asymptomatic dogs compared to ELISA and immunochromatography. PCR can be useful for surveillance of areas where cases of canine VL have not yet been detected and in which control strategies can be implemented to limit the spread of the disease. Despite the advance in diagnostic tools CVL diagnosis remains a challenge.

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“…ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay) represents a simple and rapid method for the survey of this canine infection (Lima et al, 2005), allowing the processing of a considerable number of samples in a short time interval (Maia & Campino, 2008).…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%