Methods for calculation of per capita alcohol consumption in a Muslim majority country with a very low drinking level: Findings from the 2011 Iranian mental health survey

Amin-Esmaeili, Ma­soumeh; Motevalian, Seyed Abbas; Hajebi, Ahmad; Sharifi, Vandad; Stockwell, Tim; Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin

doi:10.1111/dar.12847

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Only one study from Iran estimated the 15+ year‐old persons’ per capita alcohol consumption (APC) as 0.1 l (standard error = 0.03; males: 0.2; females: 0.01) based on a national household survey [20]. No other study from other countries in the region was found.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol use, alcohol use disorder and heavy episodic drinking in the Eastern Mediterranean region: A systematic review

Rostam‐Abadi,

Gholami,

Shadloo

et al. 2024

Addiction

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Background and amsDespite the evident public health impact, the extent and patterns of alcohol use in the Eastern Mediterranean countries remain understudied. The latest estimation for the last 12‐month use of alcohol in the region was 2.9% in 2016 by the World Health Organization. We reviewed the main indicators for alcohol consumption in the region since 2010.MethodsWe systematically searched on‐line databases until September 2023, together with other global and regional sources for studies on the adult general population (aged ≥ 15 years) and young general populations (aged < 18 years) and studies on the treatment‐seeking individuals with substance use in Eastern Mediterranean countries. Studies were included from 22 countries: Afghanistan, Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates and Yemen.ResultsA total of 148 were included (n = 95 on the prevalence of alcohol use, n = 46 on the prevalence of alcohol use disorder, regular use and heavy episodic drinking, n = 35 on alcohol use pattern among people who use substances and one report on alcohol per capita consumption, n = 29 had data for more than one category). The pooled prevalence of the last 12‐month alcohol use in the adult general population was 9.5% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 6.4–13.7] among males, 2.8% (95% CI = 1.3–5.5\) among females and 6.2% (95% CI = 3.9–9.6) in both sexes in the region, with notable subregional variations. Data on the prevalence of alcohol use disorder and heavy drinking were limited to several countries, with heterogeneous indicators. The pooled estimate of alcohol as the primary substance of use among treatment‐seeking people who used substances was 16.9% (95% CI = 8.8–26.9).ConclusionsMore than 30 million adults in the Eastern Mediterranean region used alcohol in the last 12 months, with a prevalence of 6.2%. This is far fewer than the global estimate of 43% of the population aged 15 years and above, but is approximately two times more than the previous estimate (2.9%), reported by the World Health Organization in 2016, which might show an increasing trend.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol use, alcohol use disorder and heavy episodic drinking in the Eastern Mediterranean region: A systematic review

Rostam‐Abadi,

Gholami,

Shadloo

et al. 2024

Addiction

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“…In the commercial context, the process of obtaining alcoholfree propolis extract is notably relevant. In countries, where most of the population is Muslim, less consumption of alcohol occurs, since it is forbidden to drink alcoholic beverages in the Islamic religion, requiring control in the production and import of alcohol in these countries (Al-ansari et al, 2015(Al-ansari et al, , 2019Amin-Esmaeili et al, 2018). In addition to this group, abstainers and children are others who would be restricted from consuming alcoholic extracts.…”

Section: Experimental Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Red Propolis as a Source of Antimicrobial Phytochemicals: Extraction Using High-Performance Alternative Solvents

et al. 2021

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Propolis is a resinous material rich in flavonoids and involved in several biological activities such as antimicrobial, fungicide, and antiparasitic functions. Conventionally, ethanolic solutions are used to obtain propolis phytochemicals, which restrict their use in some cultures. Given this, we developed an alcohol-free high-performance extractive approach to recover antibacterial and antioxidants phytochemicals from red propolis. Thus, aqueous-solutions of ionic liquids (IL) and eutectic solvents were used and then tested for their total flavonoids, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. The surface-responsive technique was applied regarding some variables, namely, the time of extraction, the number of extractions, and cavitation power (W), to optimize the process (in terms of higher yields of flavonoids and better antioxidant activity). After that, four extractions with the same biomass (repetitions) using 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [C6mim]Cl, under the operational conditions fixed at 3.3 min and 300 W, were able to recover 394.39 ± 36.30 mg RuE. g−1 of total flavonoids, with total antioxidant capacity evaluated up to 7595.77 ± 5.48 μmol TE. g−1dried biomass, besides inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enteritidis bacteria (inhibition halo of 23.0 ± 1.0 and 15.7 ± 2.1, respectively). Aiming at the development of new technologies, the antimicrobial effect also presented by [C6mim]Cl may be appealing, and future studies are required to understand possible synergistic actions with propolis phytochemicals. Thereby, we successfully applied a completely alcohol-free method to obtain antimicrobials phytochemicals and highly antioxidants from red propolis, representing an optimized process to replace the conventional extracts produced until now.

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“…After the Islamic Revolution in Iran, the consumption of alcoholic beverages was declared illegal, making it difficult to estimate the burden of alcohol-related disease (Amin-Esmaeili et al, 2018). Therefore, very accurate statistics on the extent of alcohol consumption are not available for Iran (Amin-Esmaeili et al, 2018;Samadi et al, 2017). Despite such severe restrictions, the mean age of onset of alcohol consumption is 16.7 years, and the main alcoholic beverage is a homemade drink (Samadi et al, 2017).…”

Section: Dear Editormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, the stigma associated with alcohol consumption poses challenges for implementing alcohol screening in primary health care (Al-Ansari et al, 2019). Considering the conservative context of Iranian society, most existing studies on alcohol use are based on self-reporting by participants who might be prone to underreporting (Amin-Esmaeili et al, 2018;Rostami & Rezaeian, 2019). These may indicate that the national burden of disease due to alcohol is underestimated.…”

Section: Dear Editormentioning

confidence: 99%

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Alcohol Use Disorders in Iran

Rostami

2020

Am J Mens Health

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Methods for calculation of per capita alcohol consumption in a Muslim majority country with a very low drinking level: Findings from the 2011 Iranian mental health survey

Cited by 11 publications

References 10 publications

Alcohol use, alcohol use disorder and heavy episodic drinking in the Eastern Mediterranean region: A systematic review

Alcohol use, alcohol use disorder and heavy episodic drinking in the Eastern Mediterranean region: A systematic review

Red Propolis as a Source of Antimicrobial Phytochemicals: Extraction Using High-Performance Alternative Solvents

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Alcohol Use Disorders in Iran

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