Methods for Ancient Wall Graffiti Documentation: Overview and Applications

Valente, Riccardo; Barazzetti, Luigi

doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2020.102616

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Traditional documentation methods of the inscriptions, such as photographs and hand-drawings, have now been surpassed by advanced digital techniques, such as Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI), ultra-close-range digital photogrammetry and 3D scanning, which are fast becoming the standard methods in humanities and cultural heritage [15,22]. Among these, RTI [49] is a Computational Photography technique widely used for documenting surfaces with incisions, such as rock art, wall graffiti and epigraphs [62]. However, RTI is a 2.5D technique: it increases the perception of depth through lighting control, highlighting details and morphological changes of the recorded surfaces [62,22].…”

Section: Digitization Of Archaeological Artifactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among these, RTI [49] is a Computational Photography technique widely used for documenting surfaces with incisions, such as rock art, wall graffiti and epigraphs [62]. However, RTI is a 2.5D technique: it increases the perception of depth through lighting control, highlighting details and morphological changes of the recorded surfaces [62,22]. In addition, a synthetic version of RTI can be performed by changing the lighting orientation on high resolution 3D models, since 3D models also encode the directions of the normals of the object surface -that is, the information captured by RTI -, as shown by Figure 2, where the same 3D model of the stone seal CMS V Suppl.…”

Section: Digitization Of Archaeological Artifactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A high-resolution photogrammetric workflow based on focus stacking for the 3D modeling of small Aegean inscriptions

Ravanelli

Lastilla

Ferrara

2022

Journal of Cultural Heritage

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Section: Digitization Of Archaeological Artifactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Digitization Of Archaeological Artifactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A high-resolution photogrammetric workflow based on focus stacking for the 3D modeling of small Aegean inscriptions

Ravanelli

Lastilla

Ferrara

2022

Journal of Cultural Heritage

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“…EW celebrity or politician may unsettle the market significantly, even if its i porary. Graffiti, originating from the Greek verb meaning "to write", is u both ancient and contemporary inscriptions on walls, rocks, and othe Graffiti, originating from the Greek verb meaning "to write", is universally seen in both ancient and contemporary inscriptions on walls, rocks, and other natural environments [92], and its positioning within public spaces is intended to draw attention. Apart from the commissioned decoration of public spaces in modern times, usually in the form of spraypainted images, most graffiti is illegal.…”

Section: Problematic Documentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Documentation: A Cross-Disciplinary Perspective

Amiraslani

Dragovich

2022

World

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Documents are tools of communication which are changing rapidly in nature and quantity. Prompted by the COVID-19 pandemic, digital formats have become ubiquitous. However, documents and documentation have a long pre-digital history. In seeking to survey document types and features, two major online journal databases from the Web of Science database were analysed over a 30-year period to 2020. Documents were classified into types and the (arbitrary) features of format, dimension, production, administration and distribution. Such tabulation of journal documents has not been undertaken previously. As the sampled journals covered a range of fields, the types and features of documentation in selected specialised areas were included. Digitalisation of documentation, especially of rare documents, has accelerated in recent times, contributing to the retention of knowledge and its rapid dissemination, despite the accompanying disadvantages of the digital age, with its largely unregulated social media. Classifying and describing the diversity of existing documents is a major task and we have initiated this process by analysing two scientific databases.

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“…If surprise finds appear and have to be documented before backfilling at the end of the season, RTI can be easily and cost effectively used to document graffiti and shallow relief incisions. Valente and Barazzetti (2020) note that although 3D digital recording techniques can mimic the usefulness of RTI in that light sources can be moved by changing the light settings and orientation directly in the digital model, worldwide documentation of graffiti RTI is still the most published method used for recording. In fact, RTI was recently used in Maya archaeology to document graffiti outside of this study (Nowakowski 2023).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reflectance Transformation Imaging for the Recording of Incised Graffiti

Taylor,

Callaghan,

Kovacevich

et al. 2024

Adv. archaeol. pract.

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Precolumbian Maya graffiti is challenging to document because it is complex, multilayered, and difficult to see with the naked eye. In the Maya Lowlands, precolumbian graffiti occurs as etched palimpsests on parts of substructures such as stucco walls of residences, palaces, and temples that are frequently only accessible through dark and narrow tunnel excavations. Experienced iconographers or epigraphers with advanced drawing skills are the most qualified researchers to accurately record, analyze, and interpret precolumbian Maya graffiti. Because these scholars have a vast knowledge of conventions and styles from multiple time periods and sites, they are less likely to document the complex and seemingly chaotic incisions incorrectly. But as with many specialists in Maya archaeology, iconographers and epigraphers are not always available to collaborate in the field. This raises the question, how might an archaeologist without advanced training in iconography accurately record graffiti in subterranean excavations? Advances in digital applications of archaeological field recording have opened new avenues for documenting graffiti. One of these is Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI), a method that uses a moving light source and photography in order to visualize, interact with, and analyze a three-dimensional object in a two-dimensional image. With practice, RTI images can easily be produced in the field and later shared with specialists for the purposes of analysis and interpretation. Performed on a series of 20 unique graffiti from the Maya archaeological site of Holtun (two examples are presented here), RTI shows promise as a viable technique for documenting and preserving graffiti as cultural heritage.

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Methods for Ancient Wall Graffiti Documentation: Overview and Applications

Cited by 7 publications

References 26 publications

A high-resolution photogrammetric workflow based on focus stacking for the 3D modeling of small Aegean inscriptions

A high-resolution photogrammetric workflow based on focus stacking for the 3D modeling of small Aegean inscriptions

A Review of Documentation: A Cross-Disciplinary Perspective

Reflectance Transformation Imaging for the Recording of Incised Graffiti

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