Methodology to study cost of corrosion

Abstract

It is essential to have an in-depth understanding of corrosion phenomena, from both a scientific and a technological viewpoint, in order to develop strategies that minimise the costs associated with the corrosion of materials. Looked at in this way, corrosion can be seen to be not merely an economic problem. Studies of the Cost of Corrosion have been undertaken in several countries, including Japan, UK, USA, and have estimated losses to the national economy due to corrosion of up to 5% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This high cost stems directly from a general lack of awareness of the economic impact of corrosion, and the poor selection of protection measures. Although a definitive method to determine corrosion costs has not been established, the main methods that have been applied are the Uhlig method, which calculates corrosion related costs based on corrosion prevention methods; the Hoar method, which makes estimates in various industrial sectors, and the Input/Output method, based on an Input/Output matrix. The present study summarises the methods that have been widely used, and the results obtained in each one of the countries in which they have been applied. On this basis, a programme is proposed to estimate the costs of corrosion associated with several important industrial activities.

Corrosion Resistance of Mild Steel in Simulated Concrete Pore Solution

“…When mild steel was immersed in seawater, the R t value is 83.06 ohmcm 2 . When SCPS was added the R t value decreases from 83.06 to 80.48 ohmcm 2 . This indicates that the protective film formed is not stable and the metal undergoes corrosion.…”

“…R s -Solution resistance, R ct -Charge transfer resistance, W -Warburg diffusion resistance, C dl -Double layer capacitance Scheme 2 When mild steel was immersed in well water, the R t value was 825 ohmcm 2 . When it was immersed in simulated concrete pore solution prepared in well water, the R t value tremendously increases from 825 to 38460 ohmcm 2 . This indicates that a stable protective film is formed on the metal surface in presence of SCPS.…”

“…However, the premature degradation of reinforced concrete structures due to the reinforcing steel corrosion has become a serious problem in modern society, which results in a huge economic loss [1][2][3] .…”

“…However, the passive film can be locally damaged and the localized corrosion of reinforcing steel takes place when pH and/or the chloride concentration at the steel/concrete interface reach the critical values for corrosion [4][5][6][7][8][9] . The pH of concrete pore solution decreased during concrete carbonation due to the neutralization of Ca(OH) 2 in the interstitial solution with the acidic gases (CO 2 , SO 2 , etc.) which diffuse into the steel/concrete interface from the air 8 .…”

Corrosion Behavior of Steel Bar and Corrosive Cracking of Concrete Induced by Magnesium-Sulfate-Chloride Ions

“…In the USA, corrosion costs account for about 2% to 5% of the national GDP (Biezma and Cristobal 2005). Based on this calculation, the lost caused by corrosion in China is about 1500 billion RMB annually (Hou et al 2012).…”